The Emissions Gap Report is an annual benchmark series initiated by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) in 2010. The series assesses the difference between projected global greenhouse gas emissions and the levels required to align with internationally agreed climate temperature goals under the Paris Agreement. It provides an independent assessment of global mitigation progress and policy ambition.

Methodology

The methodology draws on emissions inventories, nationally determined contributions (NDCs), and scenario analysis from integrated assessment models and climate policy research. The reports compare projected emissions pathways under current policies and national pledges with pathways consistent with international climate targets. This approach enables consistent tracking of changes in policy ambition and global mitigation trajectories across successive editions of the series.

Purpose

The purpose of the benchmark is to evaluate whether collective national commitments and implemented policies are sufficient to reduce emissions in line with global climate goals. The series also reviews developments in mitigation strategies, policy frameworks and sectoral transitions that influence global emissions pathways.

Use for financial professionals

Finance professionals can use this benchmark to understand how climate policy ambition and mitigation pathways may influence economic sectors, investment risks and transition planning. The series provides context on policy direction, emissions trajectories and mitigation scenarios that are relevant for climate-related financial risk assessment, scenario analysis and long-term investment decision-making.