This report provides lenders and investors with a four-step process to assess the physical impact of climate change on their real estate and infrastructure portfolios. The report emphasises the importance of using insurers’ extreme weather models within this framework to estimate natural catastrophe risks.

This report outlines a sustainable investment framework, designed to empower individuals and organisations to better understand and make informed investment choices. The framework utilises six themes to communicate the impact of financial flows into the economy and contains theoretically grounded metrics that can be practically applied.

This handbook introduces six principles outlining institutional investors' commitment to incorporate ESG issues in investment analysis, ownership policies and practices, and promotion of acceptance and implementation of the Principles. The report explains how responsible investors can engage with policymakers to promote a sustainable financial system.

This report provides guidance to investors on using the ICAPs Expectations Ladder to disclose their climate action plans. It covers investment, corporate engagement, policy advocacy, investor disclosure, and governance with specific recommendations. The report includes a glossary of terms and maps existing disclosures to the Ladder's expectations.

This report analyses the growth of impact investing strategies among European pension funds. The report examines challenges and opportunities, regulatory restrictions, impact measurement and management, private equity case studies, and emerging investments in affordable and social housing.

This report explores the most pressing economic, environmental, technological, and public health challenges facing stakeholders amid an unstable global landscape. It proposes stakeholders should act quickly to address these challenges, in partnership with others, to mitigate risks and shape a more sustainable future.

This paper examines the relationship between board gender diversity and environmental strategy and financial performance of firms. Empirical findings indicate that women on boards promote proactive environmental strategies leading to a sustained competitive advantage in both short-term and long-term financial performance.

This study explores the relationship between board gender diversity and sustainability reporting using data from 2,116 banks over a ten-year period. Results indicate that having 22–50% female board members positively affects ESG disclosure, but beyond 50%, negative effects appear. It suggests that banks should mandate quotas to promote sustainable disclosure.

This report summarises the health implications, financial risks, and actions investors and companies can take to reduce air pollution emit. It also highlights existing regulations across the world as well as upcoming sustainability reporting standards.

This report delves into climate justice amid anthropogenic climate change, advocating for a pilot Global Climate Impact Fund (GCIF). The fund aims to distribute the financial responsibility for the climate change transition based on attribution and contribution studies, employing standardised criteria. The report emphasises prioritising long-term resilience and sustainable development pathways.

This report discusses the flawed theoretical pillars of mainstream economics that support unsustainable environmental, social, and economic outcomes. The paper identifies paradoxes and delusions in theories related to efficiency, wealth, well-being, and economic growth. It argues that adopting a new approach that prioritises well-being can help overcome these challenges.

This report outlines responsible AI and data governance principles and engagement framework for investors across multiple sectors. The six core principles aim to enhance machine learning, auditability, explainability, and transparency, while taking into account legal, regulatory, ethical, and reputational risks.

ClientEarth is a non-profit environmental law organisation committed to protecting the planet's health. Visit our website for legal expertise, impactful litigation, and policy advocacy. Discover how we use the power of the law to drive positive environmental change, ensuring a sustainable future for all.

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A 2013 report on the business community's engagement with climate change, and the best way for companies to implement policies that ensure greenhouse gas emissions are reduced whilst supporting the global economy. The report sets guidelines for why and how companies can provide constructive influences on public policy.

This report examines the impact of China’s coal-fired power companies, and their inaction in responding to climate change. The report presents China’s six largest listed power companies and their associated CO2 emissions, as well as recommendations for investors to act on.