In 2025, EU wind and solar generation surpassed fossil fuels for the first time, reaching a 30% share. Despite record solar growth, gas usage rose due to lower hydroelectric output. The report highlights accelerating battery deployment and offers policy recommendations for grid flexibility and electrification to enhance energy security.

This ESMA report provides guidance on avoiding greenwashing in sustainability impact claims. It outlines four key principles—accuracy, accessibility, substantiation, and timeliness—while defining theoretical concepts like intentionality and additionality. Practical do’s and don’ts for funds and bonds help market participants ensure communications are clear, fair, and not misleading.

The CEAOB provides technical advice on EU-specific modifications to ISSA 5000 for limited assurance on sustainability reporting. It integrates requirements for ESRS, Taxonomy Regulation, and ESEF, effective from December 2027. Key focus areas include joint assurance, statutory auditor communication, and digital marking up procedures.

This report examines barriers and enablers for scaling up textile recycling in the EU. Combining literature reviews with 20 stakeholder interviews, it identifies technological, financial, and regulatory constraints. Recommendations include supporting demand-side measures, funding sorting technology research, and strengthening value chain collaboration to achieve circularity targets.

This report compares the SBTN freshwater framework with EU CSRD and ESRS requirements. It identifies areas of alignment, such as materiality assessments and basin-level analysis, while highlighting differences in scope. SBTN provides the scientific foundation for setting targets that support mandatory reporting obligations under European standards.

This research assesses the integration of sufficiency principles into European Union building policies. Analysing 16 policy documents, it finds that while measures for reducing consumption and environmental sustainability are prevalent, social dimensions and behavioural changes are often neglected. It recommends prioritising building renovation over new construction to meet sustainability goals.

NBER research into the EU-ETS reveals that carbon pricing reduces emissions primarily through market reallocation and long-run technology adoption, rather than short-run input substitution. Doubling permit prices reduces aggregate emissions by 31% over five years, with moderate impacts on total output and employment across the production network.

This report is part of a series providing an analysis of labour market and social developments within the European Union. It examines the relationship between job quality, productivity and economic performance, evaluating dimensions such as earnings and job security to inform evidence-based policymaking across Member States.

This report compares the voluntary Green Bond Principles with the regulatory European Green Bond Standard. It identifies high proximity and synergy between the frameworks, providing guidance on how issuers can navigate both sets of requirements to enhance transparency and facilitate global investor recognition in the sustainable finance market.

This research analyses Directive (EU) 2026/470 (Omnibus I Directive), which simplifies the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive and Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive. It examines how narrowing regulatory scope and removing substantive obligations impacts the balance between sustainability, simplification, and harmonisation within the European Union's financial framework.

This guidance outlines the six-phase Adaptation Investment Cycle for European regions to develop Climate Resilience Investment Plans. It details how to address financing barriers, conduct economic appraisals, and structure bankable project pipelines, aiming to bridge the adaptation funding gap through strategic public and private sector engagement.

CLIMATEFIT is an EU-funded initiative that provides public authorities and investors with tools, databases, and methodologies to develop bankable climate adaptation projects and bridge the resilience finance gap.

CLIMATEFIT is a European Union-funded Horizon Europe project that bridges the gap between public authorities and financial institutions to scale up climate adaptation finance. It aims to support innovative financing mechanisms and strategies by providing expert insight and building investment capacities across Europe.

A comprehensive repository of open-access research and deliverables from the CARMINE project, providing advanced climate-risk assessment methodologies and case study data to support environmental resilience and informed financial risk analysis.

CARMINE is a European initiative focused on enhancing climate resilience across metropolitan regions through co-developed adaptation and mitigation frameworks. The project bridges the gap between scientific knowledge and local decision-making to support sustainable urban development.

The European State of the Climate is an annual flagship report series providing structured descriptions and analyses of climate conditions in Europe. Published by the Copernicus Climate Change Service and the World Meteorological Organization, it evaluates Earth system variables and key climate events alongside policy actions for biodiversity.