BlackRock considers four key areas for environmental, social and governance (ESG) in fixed income: sustainable building blocks such as ESG indexes, a lens for considering the sustainability of government bond issuers, the financial relevance/materiality of ESG characteristics across different industries, and how to build sustainable portfolios using fixed income.

International Monetary Fund is an organisation composed of 190 countries that work in collaboration to ensure the stability of the international monetary system. It engages in global financial and economic affairs to promote growth and sustainability as well as facilitate international trade and cooperation.

This report describes how Cornerstone Capital's Access Impact Framework enables investors to invest in opportunities to achieve gender equality and empowerment of girls, aligning with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 5.

Bank for International Settlements (BIS) is an international financial institution owned by sixty-three central banks, which seeks to foster cooperation of central banks by conducting banking services and publishing research on monetary and financial stability.

Banks are affected by climate change and have the ability to make an impact through their support and finance of certain industries. Banks must start setting precedent for ambitious climate disclosure. This paper provides recommendations on how banks can align their business models with the goals of the Paris Agreement.

Environmental Research Letters (ERL) is a high-impact, open-access journal dedicated to bringing together intellectual and professional scientists, economists, engineers and social scientists, as well as the public sector and civil society, all of whom are engaged in efforts to understand the state of natural systems.

Primary health care (PHC) is a driving force for advancing towards universal health coverage (UHC) and delivering the sustainable development goals. PHC-oriented health systems bring enormous benefits but require substantial financial investments. This guide presents measures for PHC investments and projects the associated resource needs in 67 low-income and middle-income countries.

Tobacco Free Portfolios is an organisation that aims to promote tobacco-free finance to support sustainability. It seeks to provide relevant information in support of the exclusion of tobacco stocks from investment portfolios. Working collaboratively with health and finance to end preventable deaths from tobacco.

Produced with the support of Dreilinden gGmbH, a German Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex (LGBTQI) funder and impact investor, this guide sets out a theoretical grounding demonstrating why LGBTQI lens is germane to investment decision making and providing the tools needed to conduct financial analyses.

The purpose of this toolkit is to help investors to engage constructively with the intention to encourage better practice from companies, thereby reducing human rights risks in supply chains. This toolkit focuses on practical engagement points with a business rationale.

The report is an update of NPC’s 2015 review of the KL Felicitas Foundation, Investing for impact: Practical tools, lessons, and results. It explores how the KL Felicitas Foundation’s impact investing portfolio balances social impact with financial return.

Measures corporate long- and short-termism systematically. Assesses and quantifies the effects of each approach on corporate financial performance and microeconomic growth. Findings show that long-term approaches outperform short-term companies on key economic and financial metrics.

Addresses the performance declines in the tobacco industry and presents evidence of how it can be a financial risk for investors. It examines industry trends and outlooks in the context of varying future scenarios and provides recommendations to support future investment decisions.

This paper considers a framework for company valuation that incorporates social responsibility in order to evaluate whether or not ‘doing good’ creates value for environmental, social and governance (ESG) companies, and for investors. It considers factors such as growth, profitability, investment efficiency, and risk.

Explores the role of corporate partnerships and financial intermediaries that can scale finance and increase capital and activities in regions that are key for the realisation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Through case studies, it illustrates various pathways for capital markets to maximise SDG investments at acceptable risk levels.

The Paris Agreement is an agreement between Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change that recognises the need to address climate change through adaptation and mitigation measures as a nationally and internationally collaborative effort. Parties agreed to keep global temperature rises to below 2°C above pre-industrial levels.