Library | ESG issues
Biodiversity
Biodiversity encompasses the variety of life on Earth, forming the ecosystems that support human well-being and economic activity. All industries rely on healthy ecosystems for resources and services, making biodiversity preservation critical for economic stability. Biodiversity loss introduces material risks including supply chain disruptions, regulatory challenges, and reputational damage, while also creating investment opportunities in biodiversity restoration and natural resource management.
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Wageningen University & Research (WUR)
Wageningen University & Research (WUR) is a leading Dutch academic institution focused on sustainable food systems, climate change, biodiversity, agriculture and environmental science.
It combines university education with applied and fundamental research to address global challenges in nutrition, health, water and circular bioeconomy. WUR partners with industry and governments worldwide.
It combines university education with applied and fundamental research to address global challenges in nutrition, health, water and circular bioeconomy. WUR partners with industry and governments worldwide.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is a US government science agency focused on understanding and predicting changes in climate, weather, oceans and coasts. It provides environmental data, severe weather forecasting, climate monitoring and marine ecosystem management to support public safety, commerce and research.
Methodological assessment of the impact and dependency of business on biodiversity and nature’s contributions to people (business and biodiversity assessment)
The IPBES Business and Biodiversity assessment evaluates how businesses depend on and impact biodiversity and nature’s contributions to people, reviews measurement approaches, and outlines options for action to manage risks and align business practices with biodiversity outcomes, supporting Target 15 of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.
Nature-based risk assessment: Integrating project-related finance
Guidance from UNEP FI and the Equator Principles on integrating project-related finance into nature-based risk assessments. It outlines frameworks, governance and disclosure expectations to help financial institutions identify, assess and manage biodiversity, water and pollution-related risks at project and portfolio levels.
Ecosystem tipping points: Understanding the risks to the economy and the financial system
This report analyses ecosystem tipping points as systemic risks to economies and financial systems, highlighting non-linear, irreversible ecosystem collapse. It finds current models underestimate impacts and urges precautionary, ecosystem-focused policy and financial regulation to protect price and financial stability.
Unblocking climate and biodiversity finance: Global public investment for global missions
The report proposes integrating mission-oriented policy with Global Public Investment to unblock climate and biodiversity finance. It argues for predictable, equitable public funding, shared decision-making, reduced debt reliance, and reforms such as a Climate and Biodiversity Marshall Plan and redesigned debt-for-nature swaps.
IPBES-IPCC co-sponsored Workshop: Biodiversity and climate change
This IPBES–IPCC workshop report examines interlinkages between biodiversity, climate change and society, identifying synergies, trade-offs and risks. It assesses mitigation and adaptation impacts on ecosystems and people, and outlines integrated, nature-based solutions to inform climate and biodiversity policy and governance.
Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES)
Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) is a global body strengthening links between science and policy on biodiversity and ecosystem services. It delivers authoritative assessments, tools and capacity-building to inform decision-making, manage nature-related risks, and support sustainable development worldwide for governments, finance, business and civil society globally.
Nature-related risk and financial implications for investors
This investor briefing examines how nature-related physical, transition and system-level risks translate into financial risks for investors. It outlines macroeconomic and company-level impacts, and describes how institutional investors can integrate nature considerations into investment strategies, stewardship and policy engagement.
Sustainable Finance Roundup January 2026: Geopolitics, Energy Transitions, and Systemic Risk
This month’s sustainable finance article roundup examines a landscape increasingly shaped by geopolitics and climate risk, as near-term fragmentation, energy security, and affordability pressures collide with intensifying long-term threats from climate change, biodiversity loss, and water stress. The works featured analyse how these dynamics are reshaping capital allocation, disclosure, and resilience planning, demonstrating the growing need for sustainable finance to integrate geopolitical risk with real-economy transition.
Planetary health check series
The Planetary Health Check is an annual benchmark series providing a consistent, science-based assessment of the Earth system. It applies the Planetary Boundaries framework to monitor planetary stability, resilience, and life-support functions, supporting comparability over time and informing policy, finance, and strategic decision-making and Planetary Boundaries Science is a research lab within the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), focused on advancing scientific understanding of the planetary boundaries framework. It does not operate as an independent organisation and should be covered under PIK’s institutional profile.
Systems-informed stewardship part I: Reshaping sustainable and impact finance through systems thinking
This article introduces systems thinking and explains how it is reshaping sustainable and impact finance by addressing interconnected systemic risks like climate change and inequality. It outlines four emerging applications; from systemic risk management to systems-informed stewardship, highlighting the implications for investors’ roles, tools, and decision-making.
Global biodiversity loss, ecosystem collapse and national security: A national security assessment
This UK national security assessment finds global biodiversity loss and ecosystem collapse pose high risks to food security, economic stability and geopolitics. Degradation is widespread, with potential ecosystem collapse from 2030–2050, intensifying migration, conflict, supply chain disruption and strategic competition without decisive intervention.
State of finance for nature 2026: Nature in the red: Powering the trillion dollar nature transition economy
UNEP’s State of Finance for Nature 2026 finds global finance remains heavily skewed towards nature-negative activities. In 2023, US$7.3 trillion harmed nature versus US$220 billion for nature-based solutions. Meeting Rio Convention targets requires more than doubling nature investment by 2030.
NatureAlign
NatureAlign is a decision-support tool by Nature Finance that helps financial institutions identify, assess and respond to nature-related risks and opportunities by aligning portfolios, strategies and governance with nature-positive outcomes.
Restor
Restor.eco is an open-data geospatial platform that maps and analyses global nature restoration and biodiversity projects, offering environmental datasets, impact tracking, funding opportunities and reporting tools to support transparent ecosystem restoration and conservation efforts worldwide.