Library | ESG issues

Climate Change

Climate change, driven by human-induced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, is increasing global temperatures and extreme weather events. Major GHGs like carbon dioxide and methane primarily come from burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and agriculture. Key sectors contributing to emissions include energy, industry, transport, buildings, and land use, making mitigation and adaptation essential for environmental and economic stability.

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Framing and language for effective climate conversations

Finance relevance: Broader finance community
Expert guide
11 June 2024
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Aurora Trust

Finance / Corporate Focused NGOs & Think Tanks
Aurora Trust is a UK-based grant-making charity focused on climate change mitigation, environmental conservation and sustainable development. Part of the Sainsbury Family Charitable Trusts, it funds programmes in nature connection, sustainable farming, stopping deforestation and energy efficiency to support efforts aligned with the Paris Agreement’s 1.5 °C goal.
Organisation
1 research item

OpenFEMA National Risk Index Data

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
The OpenFEMA National Risk Index Data is a dataset that shows which United States communities are most at risk from 18 natural hazards, using measures of expected annual loss, social vulnerability and community resilience. Data are available for counties and Census tracts and can be downloaded for analysis.
Online tool/database

Climate Finance Vulnerability Index (CliF-VI)

Columbia University
The Climate Finance Vulnerability Index (CliF-VI) is a data-driven global tool that assesses nations’ climate risk alongside their financial capacity to respond, helping guide adaptation financing. It combines climate, financial and governance indicators in an interactive dashboard to inform equitable allocation of climate adaptation funds.
Online tool/database

Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

The World Bank
The Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) is a World Bank-managed, multi-donor partnership that provides grants, technical assistance and tools to help low- and middle-income countries understand, manage and reduce disaster and climate risks. It supports resilience planning, risk analytics and disaster risk management integration into development.
Online tool/database

SENSES Toolkit

Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK)
The SENSES Toolkit is an interactive online platform offering modules to learn about, visualise and explore climate change scenarios. It supports decision-makers in understanding scenario approaches, climate impacts, mitigation and adaptation pathways, with practical guidelines for policy, finance and regional users.
Online tool/database

Wageningen University & Research (WUR)

Academic Institutions
Wageningen University & Research (WUR) is a leading Dutch academic institution focused on sustainable food systems, climate change, biodiversity, agriculture and environmental science.

It combines university education with applied and fundamental research to address global challenges in nutrition, health, water and circular bioeconomy. WUR partners with industry and governments worldwide.
Organisation
1 research item

OECD Climate Action Dashboard

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
The OECD Climate Action Dashboard is an interactive tool showing key indicators of national climate action and progress towards objectives such as net-zero greenhouse gas emissions. It provides comparable, country-level data to track climate mitigation, emissions trends and policy responses.
Online tool/database

PerilScope: Strategic Deep Dive Copernicus Global Climate Highlights 2025 — From Records to Operating Conditions in the 3°C World SRP® Frame

The article interprets Copernicus’s Global Climate Highlights 2025 as a shift from episodic extremes to a structurally warmer, more volatile baseline. It argues that persistent temperature exceedances, ocean heat, cryosphere decline, and overlapping hazards demand a move from climate risk awareness to disciplined adaptation and continuity planning.
Article
25 February 2026

INFORM Climate Change tool

Joint Research Centre
INFORM Climate Change Tool visualises climate-change risk projections, letting users explore future risk, hazard & exposure variables, vulnerability gaps and population changes under different scenarios and time points. It supports analysis of climate impacts on humanitarian and disaster risk via scenario comparison and country profiles.
Online tool/database

Climate Mapping for Resilience and Adaptation

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
Climate Mapping for Resilience and Adaptation (CMRA) is a portal that helps users assess local exposure to climate-related hazards using federal data, enabling analysis of past, present and projected climate conditions to support risk assessments and resilience planning.
Online tool/database

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

Government Organisations & Departments
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is a US government science agency focused on understanding and predicting changes in climate, weather, oceans and coasts. It provides environmental data, severe weather forecasting, climate monitoring and marine ecosystem management to support public safety, commerce and research.
Organisation
2 research items

Inevitable Policy Response

The Inevitable Policy Response (IPR)
Inevitable Policy Response (IPR) on ipr.transitionmonitor.com is a climate policy data and forecast platform that tracks global policy developments, scenarios and variables to help investors assess climate transition risk and alignment of portfolios with likely policy outcomes. It is supported by PRI and research partners.

Inevitable Policy Response (IPR) Transition Monitor is an online climate policy data platform tracking expected government climate actions by country and sector. It helps investors assess transition risk, forecast policy impacts and align portfolios with likely policy pathways to net-zero, based on expert forecasts and quarterly updates.
Online tool/database

AR5 Scenario Database

International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA)
The IPCC AR5 Scenario Database, hosted by IIASA, provides access to long-term emissions and mitigation scenarios assessed in Working Group III’s Fifth Assessment Report. It enables users to explore modelled pathways on climate change, energy systems and greenhouse gas emissions, supporting analysis of transition risks and policy-relevant climate outcomes.
Online tool/database

Climate Impact Lab

Climate Impact Lab
Climate Impact Lab uses historical climate and socioeconomic data with evidence-based, data-driven analysis to quantify climate change impacts and economic costs at local and sector levels, informing policymakers, investors and business decisions, including an empirically-derived estimate of the social cost of carbon.
Online tool/database

Climate Impact Lab

Finance / Corporate Focused NGOs & Think Tanks
ImpactLab is a research organisation quantifying real-world climate change impacts using evidence-based, data-driven climate science and socioeconomic analysis. It provides hyperlocal climate risk data, estimates social cost of carbon, and informs policymakers, investors and businesses to support climate risk assessment, adaptation planning and sustainable decision-making.
Organisation
1 research item

Carbon Tracker Initiative

Carbon Tracker Initiative
Carbon Tracker’s Reports page hosts research analysing how supply, demand and climate policy affect fossil-fuel exposed companies and markets. It provides scenario analysis, methodological frameworks and sector-specific insights for investors and policymakers on climate-related financial risk and the energy transition.
Online tool/database
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