Library | ESG issues
Climate Change
Climate change, driven by human-induced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, is increasing global temperatures and extreme weather events. Major GHGs like carbon dioxide and methane primarily come from burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and agriculture. Key sectors contributing to emissions include energy, industry, transport, buildings, and land use, making mitigation and adaptation essential for environmental and economic stability.
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Early warning systems and early action in fragile, conflict-affected and violent contexts: Addressing growing climate and disaster risks
The report explores the implementation of early warning systems (EWS) in fragile, conflict-affected, and violent (FCV) contexts, emphasising climate and disaster risk management. It identifies key challenges like limited governance and data availability, proposes governance coordination, regional cooperation, and technology integration as solutions, and advocates for conflict-sensitive and community-based approaches to build resilience and save lives.
Interconnected justice: Understanding the cross-border implications of climate transition policies
The report explores the concept of interconnected justice in global climate and nature transitions. It highlights the need for policies that integrate environmental, social, and economic dimensions, advocating multi-actor dialogues and frameworks to mitigate cross-border inequalities.
UNEP FI impact analysis tools for banks/investors
This tool is designed for banks, investors and corporate clients and investee companies. The tool guides banks/investors through an impact analysis of their portfolios. Developed jointly with signatories from the PRB and UNEP FI, the tool helps banks/investors set targets.
Net Environmental Contribution (NEC) metric
This tool measures the environmental impact of economic activity, company, or sector, to deliver a net contribution value on -100% to +100% scale, using physical data from across the value chain. It can be applied at company, portfolio, index, product/source levels. Includes qualitative and quantitative criteria on biodiversity.
SBTN sector materiality tool
The aim of the Sectoral Materiality Tool is to help users carry out a first screening of what types of environmental impact are potentially materially relevant to their sector and their company's activities, as part of Step 1a of the SBTN guidance.
GIIN's IRIS
IRIS+ provides streamlined, practical, how-to guidance on integrating social and environmental factors into investment decision making. It is free to use.
Proteus
Proteus is a global collaboration aimed at providing companies with biodiversity information needed to better inform decisions, and to support the development, improvement and dissemination of global biodiversity data and information.
Transforming global finance for climate action: Addressing misaligned incentives and unlocking opportunities
The report identifies systemic barriers preventing the flow of capital to climate-positive projects. It introduces the PIVOT framework, outlining policy vacuum, misaligned incentives, valuation challenges, inactive ownership, and transition misalignment. The report provides actionable solutions for policymakers, investors, and stakeholders to align finance with the Paris Agreement.
Adapt now: A global call for leadership on climate resilience
The report highlights the urgent need for global climate adaptation. It presents evidence and solutions across key sectors—food, water, infrastructure, cities, and finance—emphasising economic benefits, social equity, and environmental preservation. This call to action seeks transformative planning, finance mobilisation, and inclusive leadership for a resilient future.
Aviva case study: Tackling deforestation – a central part of our climate and biodiversity efforts
The Aviva case study demonstrates the company's efforts to tackle deforestation as part of their climate and biodiversity strategies. Aviva uses data from various sources to assess deforestation risks in its corporate holdings, real assets, and sovereign debt.
Activating private investment in adaptation: Turning capital flight risk into the next multibillion opportunity
This report highlights the need to scale private investment in climate adaptation to mitigate capital flight from vulnerable areas. It outlines barriers like resilience valuation and fiduciary concerns, and recommends actions for governments and investors to facilitate resilience innovation, regulatory support, and shared understanding of physical risks, ensuring long-term economic stability and community protection.
Topo Finance
Topo Finance is a non-profit organisation dedicated to transforming the financial sector into a force for creating a more climate-safe and just world. They provide free advisory and consulting services to help companies align their financial management with environmental and social objectives. Additionally, Topo Finance develops pioneering research and publicly available tools to illuminate the hidden link between finances and climate change, enabling individuals and organisations to maximise the positive impact of their finances.
CSIRO's state of the climate reports
This series offers insights into Australia’s climate changes based on comprehensive research from the Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO. Each report synthesises data on climate trends, impacts, and projections, guiding informed decision-making for sustainable environmental and economic resilience.
Land and Climate Review
Land and Climate Review focuses on advancing dialogue and collaboration around land use and climate change issues. The organisation provides research, insights, and practical guidance to inform decision-makers. It aims to promote evidence-based solutions that enhance sustainable land management and climate resilience, supporting the integration of sustainability into finance practices.
Climate allocation compass, a framework for real-world decarbonization (Compass-FRWD)
This report presents a multi-asset class decarbonisation framework aimed at bridging the global climate investment gap and guiding financial institutions in capital allocation strategies to decarbonise the real economy. The framework includes steps to set emission reduction targets, allocate capital accordingly, and monitor progress using metrics like the Net Zero Deviation Index (NZDI), while emphasising collaboration with policymakers and stakeholders.
Columbia Center on Sustainable Investment
Columbia Center on Sustainable Investment (CCSI) is a leading research centre focused on sustainable investment practices. CCSI provides resources, analysis, and tools to support responsible investment in natural resources and infrastructure. Its work promotes social, environmental, and economic sustainability while addressing issues like human rights and community engagement.