Library | ESG issues

Climate Change

Climate change, driven by human-induced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, is increasing global temperatures and extreme weather events. Major GHGs like carbon dioxide and methane primarily come from burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and agriculture. Key sectors contributing to emissions include energy, industry, transport, buildings, and land use, making mitigation and adaptation essential for environmental and economic stability.

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Is CSRD working for financial institutions? A look into how CSRD is being rolled out across the financial sector

Nordic Sustainability
The Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD), an ambitious EU regulation, demands increased transparency from financial institutions (FIs). Challenges include lack of sector-specific guidance and data collection difficulties. Despite the focus on reporting, FIs must use CSRD strategically to align financing with sustainability goals and ensure long-term compliance.
Research
16 April 2024

Banking on climate chaos: Fossil fuel finance series

Rainforest Action Network
The "Banking on Climate Chaos" benchmark report examines global banks' financing of fossil fuel companies, highlighting trends and policy shifts impacting climate goals. This series offers critical insights into financial institutions' roles in supporting fossil fuel expansion and their climate commitments.

Benchmark/series

Canopy Planet

Issue Focused NGOs & Think Tanks
Canopy Planet is a non-profit organisation dedicated to protecting forests, species, and climate. With a focus on sustainable sourcing practices, it collaborates with companies to develop solutions that reduce deforestation and promote conservation. Canopy's work spans various industries, including fashion, packaging, and publishing.
Organisation
1 research item

Navigating transition finance: An action list

CFA Institute
This report explores how transition finance can help decarbonise high-emitting activities and other economic sectors. It offers recommendations to improve awareness, clarify transition activities and finance products, and mitigate associated risks. Collaborative efforts are needed to navigate the complex economic, regulatory, environmental, and technological landscape.
Research
26 March 2024

Great expectations: Is engagement living up to its promise?

PGIM
This report examines whether engagement activities deliver impactful sustainability outcomes, comparing systemic and company-specific engagement. It encourages investors to align engagement goals with investment views, distinguishes escalation mechanisms for equity and debt investors, and emphasises financial materiality for achievable, value-enhancing outcomes. Investors are reminded of their fiduciary responsibility to clients and stakeholders.
Research
20 March 2024

The global risks report 2024: 19th edition

World Economic Forum
This report outlines global risks in 2024 and 2034, in an effort to provide insight to government and business leaders about the potential threats of the future. The report highlights potential global risks ranging from false information, economic uncertainty, climate change, AI dominance, to an increase in conflict and organised crimes.
Research
12 January 2024

Social and Human Capital Protocol

Capitals Coalition (CapsCo)
This protocol sets out principles for valuing human and social capital, helping businesses to measure the value of community relationships and employee talent. The goal is to help businesses make truly sustainable decisions; however, this is a nascent field requiring more detailed data, and tailored techniques, to ensure more accurate results.
Research
5 March 2019

Greenpeace

Issue Focused NGOs & Think Tanks
Greenpeace International is an environmental NGO advocating for global environmental protection and sustainability. With a focus on climate change, deforestation, overfishing, and other ecological issues, it engages in activism, research, and lobbying to drive positive change. Greenpeace campaigns for renewable energy, biodiversity preservation, and the mitigation of environmental damage worldwide.
Organisation
1 research item

Nature positive economies: Progress, lessons and next frontiers

World Wide Fund for Nature (World Wildlife Fund – WWF)
The report titled explores a six-year global partnership aimed at embedding natural capital into economic decision-making. It highlights key lessons, including the need for systemic change, collaboration across sectors, and nature-based solutions to build resilient, sustainable economies. The report provides case studies and frameworks to guide future efforts towards nature-positive economies.
Research
12 November 2022

Can investors save the planet? - NZAMI and fiduciary duty

The report evaluates asset managers' strategies aligning with the Race to Zero goal of limiting global warming while considering the possibility of a different climate scenario. It finds impactful environmental approaches might pose fiduciary challenges. Authors propose revising commitments to enhance climate impact while upholding fiduciary duties.
Research
1 December 2022

Catalytic capital: A key to aligning infrastructure investments with climate mitigation in emerging markets

Global Impact Investing Network (GIIN)
This report provides a roadmap for directing more institutional capital toward climate infrastructure financing in emerging markets. It identifies the importance of using catalytic capital and outlines four themes crucial to its effective use: targeting, speed, support, and analysis. The report offers recommendations for how to address climate challenges through targeted catalytic interventions.
Research
27 September 2023

The rising tide of greenwashing: Navigating ‘greenwashing’ risks in climate change targets and sustainability credentials

MinterEllison
The report highlights the risks and challenges associated with businesses misrepresenting their sustainability credentials or strategies. The document elaborates on the subject with the help of multiple examples and practical guidelines to reduce legal and reputational exposure to businesses and corporations.
Research
21 December 2022

In search of the true greenium

The expected return of green securities relative to brown is a crucial impact measure for ESG investors, and the greenium is more negative in greener countries and over time. The equity greenium has become more negative over time. The proposed robust green score combined with forward-looking expected returns yields a more precisely estimated annual equity greenium.
Research
1 March 2024

2024 XDI gross domestic climate risk report

Cross Dependency Initiative (XDI)
The 2024 XDI report ranks over 2,600 regions worldwide according to the projected damage to the built environment from extreme weather and climate change, including floods, wildfires and sea-level rises, and which of these regions are likely to see the largest escalation in damage from 1990 to 2050.
Benchmark/series
29 February 2024

Cross Dependency Initiative (XDI)

Commercial Research Providers
XDI Systems (Cross Dependency Initiative) is a mission-driven company dedicated to accelerating action on climate change by embedding physical climate risk data in all decisions. As experts in physical climate risk, they provide actionable results to clients globally, collaborating with governments, NGOs, companies, banks, and communities to address climate challenges collaboratively.
Organisation
2 research items

ESG investing in emerging markets – a roadmap towards net-zero

BNP Paribas
This report discusses the challenges in ESG investing for emerging markets due to varying standards in regulations and reporting. It also covers the importance of sovereign engagement and incorporating biodiversity in investment decisions. The lack of standardisation in data and regulation presents difficulties in generating sustainable investments.
Research
12 December 2023
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