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Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions, including carbon dioxide and methane, trap heat in the atmosphere and drive climate change. Reducing emissions is vital to mitigating global warming risks and aligning with climate targets like the Paris Agreement, influencing long-term corporate and investment strategies.

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Scaling up sustainable aviation fuel supply: Overcoming barriers in Europe, the US and the Middle East

World Economic Forum
The report explores the challenges and key actions needed to scale sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) production in these regions. It highlights technological advancements, regulatory frameworks, and strategic collaborations necessary to achieve 10% SAF by 2030 and sector decarbonisation by 2050. The report emphasises the importance of investments, policy support, and public awareness to drive the adoption of SAF globally.
Research
14 March 2024

Net Zero Investment Framework 2.0

Asia Investor Group on Climate Change (AIGCC)
The Net Zero Investment Framework (NZIF) 2.0, updated in June 2024, provides guidelines for investors to align their portfolios with the Paris Agreement goals. It includes detailed methodologies for various asset classes, governance, strategic asset allocation, and policy advocacy, focusing on achieving real economy emissions reductions through independent fiduciary decisions.
Research
22 June 2024

How corporate climate change mitigation actions affect the cost of capital

This study explores how corporate climate change mitigation actions influence the cost of capital for Japanese firms from 2017-2021. It finds that higher carbon intensity increases the cost of equity, debt, and overall capital. Climate-related disclosures lower the cost of equity and overall capital, despite raising debt costs.
Research
20 May 2024

Making things (that don’t exist) count: A study of Scope 4 emissions accounting claims

This report investigates the implications of 'Scope 4' emissions accounting claims, which refers to greenhouse gas emission reductions or removals due to a decision or action. This study suggests that extant Scope 4 assessments do not fit the established framework for scope-based emissions accounting, and calls for cautious claims of this nature and the need for more research.
Research
28 March 2024

Public to private divestment in Asia: trends and best practice

Anthropocene Fixed Income Institute
The database of Asian mergers and acquisitions (M&As) in high-emission sectors reveals a steady, not increasing, trend from 2020 to April 2024. This shift of high-emission assets from public to private ownership, totalling USD 5-9 billion annually, raises concerns about reduced transparency and accountability in emissions reporting. While not accelerating, this trend has negative implications for investor stewardship and emissions disclosure.
Research
21 May 2024

An innovation pathway to decarbonization: Circular economy solutions for policymakers and industry in the US

Ellen MacArthur Foundation
The US has a significant opportunity to decarbonise its industrial sector and boost its economy by transitioning to a circular economy. This report explores the economic and environmental benefits of circular solutions in key industries, such as batteries, construction, and electronics. It also analyses current US policies that support a circular economy and provides recommendations for further policy interventions to accelerate this transition.
Research
23 April 2024

Big oil reality check: Aligned in failure

Oil Change International
Big oil and gas companies’ climate pledges lack ambition and integrity, resulting in continued exploration and extraction. They fail to align with the Paris Agreement, relying on misleading accounting and greenwashing. Immediate action from governments and investors is essential to catalyse a socially just and equitable phase-out of fossil fuels.
Research
21 May 2024

Climate TRACE

Climate TRACE is a comprehensive tool for tracking global greenhouse gas emissions. Utilising satellite data and AI, it provides real-time insights, helping finance professionals assess environmental impacts and make informed decisions. This tool supports ESG integration and sustainability in financial practices.
Online tool/database

Energy transition risks and opportunities initiative's series

European Commission
Energy Transition Risk and Opportunities Initiative (ET Risk) provides finance professionals with tools to assess energy transition risks and opportunities. The project focuses on sustainable finance, ESG impacts, and climate change, helping users make informed investment decisions.
Benchmark/series

Climate change 2023 synthesis report

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
This report summarises findings on the current state of the climate, its impacts and risks, and mitigation and adaptation strategies. The report highlights that human activities have unequivocally caused global warming, leading to adverse effects on nature and people. It emphasises that vulnerable communities are disproportionately affected and that immediate action is crucial to limit further warming and secure a liveable future.
Research
10 August 2023

Is CSRD working for financial institutions? A look into how CSRD is being rolled out across the financial sector

Nordic Sustainability
The Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD), an ambitious EU regulation, demands increased transparency from financial institutions (FIs). Challenges include lack of sector-specific guidance and data collection difficulties. Despite the focus on reporting, FIs must use CSRD strategically to align financing with sustainability goals and ensure long-term compliance.
Research
16 April 2024

Banking on climate chaos: Fossil fuel finance series

Rainforest Action Network
The "Banking on Climate Chaos" benchmark report examines global banks' financing of fossil fuel companies, highlighting trends and policy shifts impacting climate goals. This series offers critical insights into financial institutions' roles in supporting fossil fuel expansion and their climate commitments.

Benchmark/series

Great expectations: Is engagement living up to its promise?

PGIM
This report examines whether engagement activities deliver impactful sustainability outcomes, comparing systemic and company-specific engagement. It encourages investors to align engagement goals with investment views, distinguishes escalation mechanisms for equity and debt investors, and emphasises financial materiality for achievable, value-enhancing outcomes. Investors are reminded of their fiduciary responsibility to clients and stakeholders.
Research
20 March 2024

Catalytic capital: A key to aligning infrastructure investments with climate mitigation in emerging markets

Global Impact Investing Network (GIIN)
This report provides a roadmap for directing more institutional capital toward climate infrastructure financing in emerging markets. It identifies the importance of using catalytic capital and outlines four themes crucial to its effective use: targeting, speed, support, and analysis. The report offers recommendations for how to address climate challenges through targeted catalytic interventions.
Research
27 September 2023

The rising tide of greenwashing: Navigating ‘greenwashing’ risks in climate change targets and sustainability credentials

MinterEllison
The report highlights the risks and challenges associated with businesses misrepresenting their sustainability credentials or strategies. The document elaborates on the subject with the help of multiple examples and practical guidelines to reduce legal and reputational exposure to businesses and corporations.
Research
21 December 2022

Measuring what matters: Australia's first well-being framework

Australian Government
Measuring What Matters is Australia's first wellbeing framework, published in July 2023 by the Commonwealth of Australia. It seeks to deepen our understanding of how Australians are faring beyond traditional economic indicators. The framework includes 50 wellbeing indicators under the themes of healthy, secure, sustainable, cohesive, and prosperous societies.
Research
20 July 2023
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