Library | ESG issues

Indigenous Rights

Indigenous rights ensure that Indigenous peoples live free from discrimination, protect their cultural identity, and participate in decisions affecting their communities and lands. These rights include self-determination, land and resource governance, and preservation of traditional knowledge. Organisations must uphold the principle of Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC), ensuring Indigenous communities have the right to give or withhold consent before mining, agriculture, infrastructure, and other projects affect their lands and resources.

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The greenhouse gas protocol: Land use, land-use change, and forestry (LULUCF) guidance for GHG project accounting

World Resources Institute
The land use, land-use change, and forestry (LULUCF) guidance for GHG project accounting provides structured methods to quantify and report greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions from reforestation and forest management projects. It supplements the GHG Protocol for Project Accounting, detailing baseline procedures, monitoring, and risk mitigation approaches specific to land-based carbon projects.
Research
1 November 2006

RIAA policy platform: Sustainable finance for a thriving Aotearoa New Zealand 2023 and beyond

Responsible Investment Association Australasia
This report outlines RIAA’s policy platform to strengthen sustainable finance in Aotearoa New Zealand. It recommends a national strategy, clearer ESG disclosures, taxonomy alignment with global standards, anti-greenwashing measures, Māori inclusion, human rights protections, and alignment with biodiversity and the Sustainable Development Goals.
Research
28 August 2023

Corporate climate litigation in Australasia: (Re)shaping the private law-climate interface

The report examines how corporate climate litigation in Australia and New Zealand is shaping private law. It highlights legal actions involving directors’ duties, disclosure obligations, consumer protections, and tort law. The analysis shows incremental adaptations in private law to address climate change impacts, especially through anti-greenwashing and climate accountability claims.
Research
9 June 2025

Market Forces

Finance / Corporate Focused NGOs & Think Tanks
Market Forces works to hold financial institutions accountable for funding environmentally harmful projects. Based in Australia, it campaigns for banks, superannuation funds and governments to align investments with climate goals. Market Forces provides research, advocacy tools and transparency on fossil fuel financing to support climate-conscious financial decision-making.
Organisation

RIAA Policy Platform 2025: Harnessing sustainable finance for a thriving Australia

Responsible Investment Association Australasia
The RIAA Policy Platform 2025 outlines nine policy priorities and two principles to align Australia’s finance system with sustainability goals. It recommends regulatory reforms, improved data, Indigenous inclusion, and stronger accountability to mobilise capital for a net zero, nature-positive economy that supports long-term economic resilience and societal wellbeing.
Research
3 April 2025

The saliency-materiality nexus: Addressing systemic risks to people and portfolios in a turbulent world

Heartland Initiative
This report introduces the saliency-materiality nexus, a framework linking severe human rights harms to financially material risks in conflict-affected areas. It highlights case studies totalling over $85 billion in losses and offers guidance for investors on due diligence, portfolio risk management, and alignment with legal and ethical responsibilities.
Research
23 August 2024

Risky business: How Australian financial institutions are managing nature-related risks and opportunities

Australian Conservation Foundation
This report assesses how ten banks and ten super funds in Australia are addressing nature-related risks and opportunities. It evaluates their strategies, risk management, target setting, and stakeholder engagement, highlighting areas of progress and identifying where further action is needed to mitigate financial risks associated with nature loss.
Research
6 June 2024

First Nations Cultural Heritage Alliance

Issue Focused NGOs & Think Tanks
​First Nations Heritage Protection Alliance (FNHPA) is a national coalition of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander organisations dedicated to strengthening laws, policies, and procedures for recognising, respecting, protecting, and celebrating First Nations cultural heritage in Australia. FNHPA collaborates with government and industry to modernise protections and promote best practices in cultural heritage management. ​
Organisation

First Nations investment screening approach

Clean Energy Finance Corporation
This document provides a clear and concise example of how to screen investments for potential financed impacts to Indigenous Peoples, including both positive and negative impacts. The screening approach described was developed in consultation with First Nations representatives.
Research
24 March 2024

Australian Impact Investments (Aii)

Commercial Research Providers
Australian Impact Investments (Aii) is a specialist asset consulting firm dedicated to mobilising capital for positive social and environmental impact alongside financial returns. Established in 2014, Aii collaborates with charitable trusts, foundations, family offices, wealth advisors, and institutions, offering bespoke impact strategies, rigorous investment analysis, and comprehensive portfolio management. With a focus on responsible investing, Aii assists clients at every stage of their impact journey.
Organisation

Green Climate Fund (GCF)

Government Sponsored / Multilateral Organisations
Green Climate Fund (GCF) is a global fund established by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to support developing countries in tackling climate change. It provides financing for mitigation and adaptation projects, focusing on low-emission, climate-resilient development. Funded by governments, GCF plays a key role in international climate finance.
Organisation

Building disaster- and climate-resilient infrastructure through public–private partnerships

Australian Government
The report discusses leveraging public–private partnerships (PPPs) to build disaster- and climate-resilient infrastructure in Southeast Asia, addressing funding gaps, enhancing regulatory frameworks, and integrating resilience measures. It highlights Australian practices, aligning climate, disaster, and inclusion goals for sustainable infrastructure development.
Research
10 October 2024

Decarbonisation investment solutions for sectors: A discussion paper on Sector Transition Plans and their importance to investors

Investor Group on Climate Change
The report from the Investor Group on Climate Change (IGCC) discusses the development and importance of sector transition pathways to support Australia’s decarbonisation. It highlights how clear pathways aligned with the Paris Agreement can guide investment, minimise risks, and foster collaboration among investors, governments, and companies to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050.
Research
30 October 2023

The CARE Principles for Indigenous data governance

The CARE Principles for Indigenous Data Governance emphasise collective benefit, authority to control, responsibility, and ethics to safeguard Indigenous data rights while promoting equitable participation. These principles complement FAIR data guidelines, ensuring data use aligns with Indigenous values, self-determination, and innovation in research and governance.
Research
24 October 2020

Guidelines for engagement with Māori

These Guidelines will assist readers to determine who they need to engage with, how to engage, and how to develop an effective engagement strategy. They have been designed to be read in conjunction with the Crown engagement with Māori framework. In this guidance document, “Engagement” refers to the range of methods and activities that are used to interact with Māori.
Research
1 October 2018

Free Prior and Informed Consent: An indigenous peoples’ right and a good practice for local communities

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations
This manual explores the unique characteristics of indigenous food systems. It highlights their sustainability and resilience, particularly in the context of climate change, and underscores the importance of preserving and learning from these traditional practices.
Research
5 October 2016
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