Library | ESG issues

Public Policy

Public policy refers to the actions and decisions taken by governments to address societal issues through laws, regulations, and funding priorities. It shapes the business environment by influencing regulatory requirements, market conditions, and corporate responsibilities. Policies related to taxation, labour laws, environmental regulations, and trade agreements can impact business operations, costs, and investment strategies.

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From financial inclusion to financial health

Bank for International Settlements
This report explores the transition from financial inclusion to financial health, emphasising the need for accessible, high-quality financial services. It highlights that while inclusion is essential, poor service provision or lack of financial literacy can undermine financial health. Public policy recommendations focus on financial literacy, consumer protection, and regulatory measures.
Research
28 March 2024

Investigating global aquatic food loss and waste

World Economic Forum
This report explores the global issue of aquatic food loss and waste (FLW), quantifying it across various species and product types. In 2021, approximately 14.8% of aquatic foods were lost or wasted globally. The report identifies hotspots, outlines key drivers, and suggests targeted interventions to enhance sustainability in the aquatic food industry.
Research
10 April 2024

Columbia Center on Sustainable Investment

Academic Institutions
Columbia Center on Sustainable Investment (CCSI) is a leading research centre focused on sustainable investment practices. CCSI provides resources, analysis, and tools to support responsible investment in natural resources and infrastructure. Its work promotes social, environmental, and economic sustainability while addressing issues like human rights and community engagement.
Organisation
3 research items

Investment framework for nutrition 2024

The World Bank
This is a comprehensive guide to addressing malnutrition. It emphasises cost-effective interventions, multisectoral approaches, and policy measures that integrate gender and climate change considerations. Expanding on the 2017 framework, it includes new evidence on interventions and financing strategies to improve nutrition outcomes globally, while aligning with Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 2.2.
Research
2 October 2024

Catalyzing responsible offshore wind in developing nations: The role of concessional finance

Ocean Risk and Resilience Action Alliance (ORRAA)
The report discusses how concessional finance can accelerate the deployment of offshore wind (OSW) in developing nations. It analyses OSW's potential as a renewable energy source and highlights two key strategies for enhancing concessional finance. The report also explores the challenges of financing OSW projects, particularly in developing countries, and recommends technical assistance, regulatory support, and blended finance solutions to facilitate investment in OSW.
Research
30 July 2024

Ocean Risk and Resilience Action Alliance (ORRAA)

Issue Focused NGOs & Think Tanks
Ocean Risk and Resilience Action Alliance (ORRAA) brings together finance, insurance, and environmental sectors to address ocean-related risks and enhance coastal resilience. ORRAA mobilises investment into ocean-based solutions to mitigate climate change, protect ecosystems, and support vulnerable communities.
Organisation
1 research item

Nature Finance

Finance / Corporate Focused NGOs & Think Tanks
NatureFinance focuses on advancing sustainable finance to address global environmental challenges, particularly biodiversity loss and climate change. It promotes innovative financial tools, policies, and partnerships that align financial systems with nature-positive outcomes.
Organisation
1 research item

Young people's climate activism: A review of the literature

This review of literature on young people's climate activism highlights methodological trends and key themes since 2018. It identifies a shift toward youth-centered qualitative research, focusing on the composition, practices, and outcomes of climate activism. Notable gaps include the overemphasis on Greta Thunberg, mass mobilisations, and activism in the Global North.
Research
4 August 2022

Climate warriors down under: Contextualising Australia’s youth climate justice movement

This report explores the youth-led climate justice movement in Australia, focusing on the socio-political context and challenges young activists face. It highlights the role of non-violent, collective action, key groups such as the Australian Youth Climate Coalition, and the impact of climate-related litigation cases, while addressing barriers like media bias and anti-protest laws.
Research
7 December 2023

Trade sanctions and the stability of climate coalitions

This report investigates the impact of trade sanctions on the stability of climate coalitions, finding that sanctions can increase coalition size when coalitions are large. However, smaller coalitions risk destabilisation if retaliation occurs. While sanctions may foster cooperation, global welfare implications remain mixed due to trade distortions.
Research
3 September 2021

Cooler finance: Mobilizing investment for the developing world’s sustainable cooling needs

United Nations Environment Programme
The report highlights the critical need for sustainable cooling in developing countries to meet climate goals, reduce emissions, and support health, food security, and productivity. It estimates a market demand of $600 billion annually by 2050 and provides strategies to attract private investment through policy, financing models, and international collaboration.

Research
25 September 2024

The building blocks supporting open finance

Consultative Group to Assist the Poor (CGAP)
This working paper explores how open finance can drive financial inclusion by reducing costs, improving access, and providing better-suited products for underserved populations. Key building blocks—digital accounts, fast payments, and diverse financial providers—are essential for achieving open finance's potential, with case studies from Brazil and India highlighting successful implementation pathways.
Research
8 April 2024

Aligning financial flows with the Global Diversity Framework: Translating ambition into implementation

Finance for Biodiversity Foundation
The report advocates for governments to ensure financial flows align with biodiversity goals. It highlights the need for mandatory disclosures on nature-related risks, nature transition plans, and economic incentives to mobilise private finance for biodiversity conservation, emphasising a "whole-of-government" approach to implementation.
Research
23 April 2024

The effect of pricing instruments on CO2 emissions: Empirical evidence from Australia

The World Bank
The report evaluates Australia's short-lived carbon tax and renewable energy policies. It finds a 7% per capita emissions reduction from 2009 to 2018, with effects weakening after policy repeal. Coal exports increased during this period, potentially offsetting domestic emission reductions.
Research
24 June 2024

The demand for a fair international financial architecture

UN University Centre for Policy Research (UNU-CPR)
The report explores the Global South's calls for reforming the international financial system. It highlights six key outcomes: improved representation, faster response times, increased funding scale, sustainable financing, enhanced global solidarity, and fostering economic self-reliance. The report underscores the urgency of reforming global financial institutions to address disparities.
Research
18 April 2024

Good Jobs First

Finance / Corporate Focused NGOs & Think Tanks
Good Jobs First (GJF) is a nonprofit organisation dedicated to promoting accountability and transparency in economic development. By analysing public subsidies and incentives, GJF helps communities understand the impact of corporate subsidies on local economies. Their tools and resources support informed decision-making for sustainable economic growth and responsible investment.
Organisation
1 research item
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