Library | ESG issues

Reporting & Disclosures

Reporting and disclosures provide transparency on a company’s financial performance, strategy, and sustainability practices. Clear, reliable disclosures improve stakeholder trust, inform investment decisions, and drive corporate accountability.

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Human rights risks in tech: Engaging and assessing human rights risks arising from technology company business models

Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
This tool outlines strategies for investors to assess technology companies’ responsibility to respect human rights. It includes questions addressing engagement on specific business model features that may create human rights risks and an evaluation framework to assess company responses.
Research
30 March 2023

Ethics guidelines for trustworthy AI

European Commission
The European Commission's AI High-Level Expert Group has released their Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI. The report provides a framework for creating lawful, ethical, and robust AI systems throughout the system's life cycle. The guidelines focus on respect for human autonomy, prevention of harm, fairness, and explicability.
Research
8 April 2019

Ethically aligned design: A vision for prioritising human well-being with autonomous and intelligent systems

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
This report is a call-to-action for technologists to align creation of autonomous and intelligent systems to defined values and ethical principles prioritising human well-being. Emphasising the importance of embedding values and morals into these systems, it discusses a range of topics, including job automation, personal data protection, A/IS education, law, and more.
Research
6 December 2017

Engaging the ICT sector on human rights: Child rights

Investor Alliance for Human Rights
This briefing explores the risks and opportunities Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) companies face in relation to children's rights. It highlights the importance of adhering to international standards and implementing internal policies and practices that prioritise the most severe impacts on children. Investors are encouraged to hold companies accountable.
Research
27 May 2022

AI act: Laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence and amending certain union legislative acts

European Commission
The EU Commission has published a regulation that establishes harmonized rules on artificial intelligence (AI) while amending certain union laws. Stakeholders mostly agree on the need for action in the field of AI, but warn the Commission to avoid duplication and overregulation. The regulation will require an appropriate level of human and financial resources.
Research
22 April 2021

International Federation of Accountants (IFAC)

Finance Industry Groups
The International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) is a global organisation representing the accounting profession. It fosters global financial stability by promoting quality accounting and auditing standards, ethical practices, and professional development.
Organisation
2 research items

International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC)

Other Industry / Sector Specific Groups & Sponsored Organisations
The International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC) is a global organisation promoting corporate reporting that goes beyond financials, emphasising a holistic approach to business performance. Visit their website for resources and insights into integrated reporting standards, fostering transparency and accountability in corporate disclosures.
Organisation
2 research items

ERM SustainAbility Institute

Commercial Research Providers
Sustainability Institute by ERM helps businesses navigate the complexities of sustainability. They offer thought leadership, research, and practical tools to accelerate progress towards a sustainable future. Their insights cover environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues, helping companies create positive impact and improve performance.
Organisation
6 research items

Global Sustainable Investment Alliance

Other Industry / Sector Specific Groups & Sponsored Organisations
The Global Sustainable Investment Alliance (GSIA) promotes sustainable investment worldwide. Their initiatives include research, policy advocacy, and collaboration with stakeholders to advance environmental, social, and governance (ESG) considerations in investment decisions. Explore their resources for insights into sustainable finance practices and global investment trends.
Organisation
2 research items

Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA)

Government Sponsored / Multilateral Organisations
The Bank of England's Prudential Regulation website offers crucial insights into financial stability and regulatory frameworks. Explore authoritative resources on prudential standards, regulatory policies, and supervision to stay informed about the UK's banking and financial sector. Visit for comprehensive information on prudential regulation in the United Kingdom.
Organisation

Centre for Environmental Rights

Issue Focused NGOs & Think Tanks
Centre for Environmental Rights are activist lawyers who defend the right of communities and civil society organisations to an environment not harmful to health or wellbeing for present and future generations. Through litigation, advocacy and activist support and training, they work towards equality and environmental and climate justice.
Organisation
1 research item

Recommendations of the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures

Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD)
This report aims to provide a unified approach to the disclosure of natural dependencies, impacts and risks for financial institutions and corporates. As the issue of natural loss and climate change continues to grow, a harmonised way of tackling these risks needs to be agreed to safeguard against material impacts.
Research
30 September 2023

Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD)

Finance / Corporate Focused NGOs & Think Tanks
Task Force on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD) spearheads the integration of nature considerations into global finance, addressing biodiversity and ecosystem challenges. TNFD provides practical tools and databases, shaping sustainable finance practices.
Organisation
9 research items

How can businesses thrive in a sustainable economy?

How can businesses thrive while still respecting planetary boundaries and meeting the essential needs of all people? This report provides a framework for businesses to transition to sustainable models by addressing unsustainable characteristics and adopting regenerative and distributive practices. The report highlights examples of businesses implementing these strategies and provides a Sustainable Business Model Canvas for businesses and investors to assess alignment with a sustainable economy.
Research
22 February 2023

Aggregate confusion: the divergence of ESG ratings

MIT Sloan School of Management
The research investigates the disagreement in Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) ratings between rating providers. Three factors are identified: measurement divergence, scope divergence and weight divergence. The paper argues for a standardisation of ESG indicators and measurement procedures to reduce the discrepancy in ESG ratings.
Research
15 August 2019

Integrating nature: The case for action on nature-related financial risks

Cambridge Institute for Sustainability Leadership
The Cambridge Institute for Sustainability Leadership (CISL) has written this paper to equip senior management within financial institutions to integrate nature-related risks into financial decisions. The paper details why action needs to be taken and the steps to accelerate the integration of nature into finance.
Research
7 April 2022
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