Library | ESG issues

Social

The social pillar in ESG (environmental, social, and governance) assesses a organisation’s impact on people and society. It covers labour practices, diversity and inclusion, human rights and community engagement. Prioritising social responsibility not only benefits society but also mitigates risks, strengthens reputation, and creates long-term value for businesses and investors.

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2025 World investment report: International investment in the digital economy

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
This report summarises international investment trends in the digital economy, focusing on data, digital infrastructure, and technology services. It highlights uneven global distribution, the role of multinational enterprises, and policy implications for sustainable development, emphasising the need for balanced regulatory frameworks and equitable access to digital opportunities worldwide.
Research
22 July 2025

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)

Government Sponsored / Multilateral Organisations
UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD) is a UN intergovernmental body that supports developing countries in trade, investment, finance and technology. It delivers data-driven policy analysis, technical cooperation and global consensus building to help countries integrate into the world economy and advance sustainable development.
Organisation
1 research item

Global outlook on financing for sustainable development 2025: Towards a more resilient and inclusive architecture

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
This report summarises global financing trends for sustainable development, noting investment gaps in developing economies, heightened debt vulnerabilities, and the need for coordinated reforms. It highlights the importance of blended finance, resilience-building, and aligning the international financial architecture to better support inclusive and sustainable growth.
Research
7 February 2025

Integrating Nature into Finance: Laying the foundations to expand the Australian Sustainable Finance Taxonomy to drive positive environmental outcomes in the agriculture and land sectors

Australian Sustainable Finance Institute (ASFI)
This report summarises how Australia’s Sustainable Finance Taxonomy could be expanded to agriculture, forestry and land management, proposing draft criteria for biodiversity protection, sustainable water use, and pollution control. It aligns with global biodiversity goals to guide investment and lending that support nature-positive outcome.
Research
9 September 2025

Tobacco Supply Chain Database

Tobacco Control Research Group (TCRG)
The Tobacco Supply Chain tool is a publicly accessible database mapping the global tobacco supply chain from agriculture to retail by identifying companies, processes and countries involved.
Online tool/database

Ethical investing disclosure guidance

Financial Markets Authority (FMA)
This report summarises draft guidance from New Zealand’s Financial Markets Authority on ethical investment disclosure. It sets expectations under the FMC Act, warns against greenwashing, and outlines principles of clarity, substantiation, consistency, and management of third-party involvement to improve transparency and accuracy for investors.
Research
19 September 2025

Financial Markets Authority (FMA)

Government Organisations & Departments
Financial Markets Authority (FMA) is New Zealand’s independent regulator overseeing financial markets. It promotes fair, efficient and transparent markets, ensures quality financial advice and protects investors. FMA develops regulation, supervises licenced entities, enforces compliance, supports innovation and aims to enhance trust in NZ’s financial sector.
Organisation
1 research item

The impact of physical and transition climate risk on asset valuation

EDHEC Climate Institute
This report analyses the interaction between physical and transition climate risks, showing their inverse relationship and implications for asset valuation. Using an extended DICE model, it quantifies how abatement policies affect costs and damages, links findings to SSP/RCP scenarios, and highlights valuation headwinds for global equities under varying decarbonisation pathways.
Research
11 April 2024

EDHEC Business School

Academic Institutions
EDHEC Business School is an international, triple-accredited (AACSB, AMBA, EQUIS) business school with campuses in Lille, Nice, Paris, London and Singapore. It offers a broad portfolio of programmes like BBA, master's in management, MSc, MBA, PhD and executive education, emphasising research, global partnerships and real-world impact.
Organisation

Doughnut of social and planetary boundaries monitors a world out of balance

This report presents an updated “Doughnut” framework, tracking 35 social and ecological indicators from 2000–2022. Findings show only modest progress on reducing deprivation, while ecological overshoot has worsened, with wealthier nations driving most impacts. The study highlights stark inequalities and calls for regenerative, distributive economic approaches.
Research
1 October 2025

International Resource Panel

Government Sponsored / Multilateral Organisations
International Resource Panel (IRP) is a science-policy platform established by United Nations Environment Programme in 2007. It produces peer-reviewed assessments and data such as the Global Material Flows Database to guide governments, industry and civil society on resource efficiency, sustainable use, circular economy and environmental impact.
Organisation
1 research item

One Planet Network

Government Sponsored / Multilateral Organisations
One Planet Network is a global multi-stakeholder partnership advancing sustainable consumption and production (SCP). It implements the 10-Year Framework of Programmes (10YFP) through six thematic programmes. The network acts as a knowledge hub and convenes governments, businesses, civil society and experts on SCP and SDG 12.
Organisation
1 research item

Life Cycle Initiative

Government Sponsored / Multilateral Organisations
Life Cycle Initiative stewards global standards, tools and training for life-cycle assessment (LCA) and life-cycle thinking. It supports practitioners, policymakers and industry in applying LCA across plastics, textiles, tourism and construction. The initiative develops data networks, e-learning modules and hotspot analysis frameworks to advance sustainable decision making.
Organisation
1 research item

Place-based just transition: Policy baseline and case studies

Asia Investor Group on Climate Change (AIGCC)
This report from the Asia Investor Group on Climate Change analyses place-based just transition policies in India, Indonesia, Malaysia and Japan. It outlines market-specific policy baselines, labour and social dynamics, financing needs and case studies, providing investors and policymakers with insights into ensuring equitable low-carbon transitions in Asia.
Research
22 September 2025

Disaster risk platform

United Nations Environment Programme
The UNEP/GRID-Geneva Disaster Risk Platform offers an interactive global interface for analysing exposure, vulnerability and hazard data. It aids evidence-based decision-making by mapping natural risks and socio-economic factors, supporting resilient development and risk-informed finance.
Online tool/database

Environmental hotspots

United Nations Environment Programme
The Environmental Hotspots tool by UNEP offers an interactive map of high-risk ecological zones worldwide, allowing users to explore environmental pressures across sectors (e.g. ecosystems, resource extraction).
Online tool/database
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