Library | ESG issues
Social
The social pillar in ESG (environmental, social, and governance) assesses a organisation’s impact on people and society. It covers labour practices, diversity and inclusion, human rights and community engagement. Prioritising social responsibility not only benefits society but also mitigates risks, strengthens reputation, and creates long-term value for businesses and investors.
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Anti-Slavery International
Anti-Slavery International (ASI) is the world’s oldest international human-rights organisation, founded in 1839, dedicated to ending all forms of modern slavery worldwide. It campaigns with survivors, governments and businesses to tackle issues such as forced labour, human trafficking and child exploitation. Expertise spans more than 180 years.
Corporate human rights benchmark investor guidance
This World Benchmarking Alliance report guides investors on using the Corporate Human Rights Benchmark to assess company performance in high-risk sectors. It outlines key findings, investor engagement questions, and sector-specific risks to promote accountability, human rights due diligence, and responsible investment aligned with sustainable development goals.
Centre for Countering Digital Hate (CCDH)
Centre for Countering Digital Hate (CCDH) is a non-profit organisation dedicated to combating online hate speech and misinformation through evidence-based research, targeted campaigns and policy advocacy. It investigates how social media platforms enable abusive content and works to promote safer digital spaces for all.
Sustainable Finance Roundup October 2025: Carbon Markets, Targets, and the Cost of Resilience
This month’s sustainability roundup traces a rapidly evolving landscape in climate finance and accountability, spotlighting the weaknesses exposed by Hurricane Melissa’s disaster-risk finance system alongside new policy frameworks now reshaping sustainable investment. It highlights how vulnerable nations continue to bear the costs of climate impacts, how regulatory reforms such as Australia’s 2035 emissions target and global disclosure regimes are embedding accountability, and how renewed scrutiny of carbon markets is driving the search for credible, incentive-based pathways to real decarbonisation.
Climate Action 100+
Climate Action 100+ (CA100+) is an investor-led initiative engaging the world’s largest greenhouse gas emitters to advance climate governance, set science-based emission targets and enhance climate-related disclosures. It collaborates with global investor networks to promote net-zero alignment, transition risk management and sustainable asset value preservation.
Translating to action: Net zero investment in Asia
The Asia Investor Group on Climate Change (AIGCC)’s fourth annual report surveys Asian investors managing USD 7.9 trillion to assess their progress on net-zero investment strategies. It highlights growing commitments to emissions measurement, climate solutions, and stewardship, while identifying data gaps, limited policy clarity, and inconsistent methodologies as persistent barriers.
Global estimates of modern slavery: Forced labour and forced marriage
The 2022 Global Estimates of Modern Slavery: Forced Labour and Forced Marriage report by the ILO, Walk Free, and IOM estimates that 49.6 million people are in modern slavery of which 27.6 million in forced labour and 22 million in forced marriage. The report highlights worsening trends linked to crises such as COVID-19, conflict, and climate change, and urges coordinated global action toward SDG Target 8.7.
International Organization for Migration (IOM)
International Organization for Migration (IOM) is a United Nations-related intergovernmental organisation founded in 1951, dedicated to promoting humane and orderly migration worldwide. With over 170 member states and offices in 171 countries, it provides policy advice, operational assistance and humanitarian support to migrants and governments.
Committee diversity effect on corporate investment risk practices
This study investigates how diversity within corporate committees influences investment risk practices among ASX 300 firms (2018–2020). Using a composite index of gender, independence, and non-executive representation, the authors find that greater committee diversity enhances long-term strategic investment decisions and efficiency, improving governance and financial performance.
State of climate action benchmark series
The State of Climate Action benchmark series tracks global progress toward limiting warming to 1.5°C. Produced by Systems Change Lab and partner organisations, it translates the Paris Agreement into measurable sectoral targets and indicators, offering an annual assessment of the pace and scale of climate action across major emitting sectors and finance systems.
Navigating diversity, equity and inclusion: An asset owner perspective
This report summarises how asset owners integrate diversity, equity and inclusion (DE&I) into organisational policies, investment management and stewardship. Drawing on interviews with 21 organisations, it highlights varying maturity levels, regulatory developments, data challenges and best practices shaping DE&I implementation across the pensions and investment industry.
More than just good ethics: new research links corporate diversity to better investment decisions
New research on Australia’s ASX 300 companies finds that diversity within board committees, particularly in terms of gender, independence, and professional background, leads to smarter and more efficient investment decisions. The study shows that diverse committees make more disciplined and forward-looking choices, linking inclusion directly to better financial performance and long-term value creation.
Gender intentional credit scoring
This CGAP technical guide outlines how lenders can apply gender-intentional approaches to credit scoring to expand women’s access to finance without increasing portfolio risk. Using data from AB Bank Zambia and TymeBank South Africa, it demonstrates practical methods for integrating gender analysis, adjusting scorecards, and improving lending outcomes for women.
Empowering women, building sustainable assets: Strengthening the depth of gender lens investing across asset classes
The report analyses the growth and practices of gender lens investing (GLI) across asset classes. It highlights how institutional investors and impact funds integrate gender equality goals into investment strategies, identifies challenges such as limited data and standardisation, and provides guidance to deepen GLI’s contribution to achieving Sustainable Development Goal 5 on gender equality.
AXA Research Lab on Gender Equality
AXA Research Lab on Gender Equality (Gender Lab) at Bocconi University in Milan advances empirical research and education on gender economics, diversity and policy impact. The lab publishes reports, hosts events and fosters academic-industry collaboration to promote gender equality across labour markets, fertility dynamics, culture and political representation.
An integrative approach to responsible investment
This report by First Sentier Investors outlines a holistic approach to responsible investment that integrates environmental, social and governance (ESG) factors. It argues that considering synergies and trade-offs across ESG issues enables better risk management and long-term value creation. Case studies illustrate practical applications across supply chains, infrastructure and resource sectors.