Library | ESG issues

Social

The social pillar in ESG (environmental, social, and governance) assesses a organisation’s impact on people and society. It covers labour practices, diversity and inclusion, human rights and community engagement. Prioritising social responsibility not only benefits society but also mitigates risks, strengthens reputation, and creates long-term value for businesses and investors.

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Principles of Indigenous Just Transition

Indigenous Environmental Network
The Principles of Indigenous Just Transition, developed by the Indigenous Environmental Network, provide 11 core guidelines for a regenerative economy. The tool helps investors and developers ensure that energy transitions respect Indigenous sovereignty and avoid extractive practices.
Resource hub
5 August 2018

Soldiers of misfortune: Mercenaries and digital propaganda in Africa

Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI)
This report investigates the intersection of mercenary groups and digital propaganda in Africa. It details how organisations like the Wagner Group utilise AI-driven disinformation and "regime survival packages" to sustain authoritarian rule. The paper recommends stricter platform accountability and enhanced digital literacy to protect democratic institutions across the continent.
Research
29 June 2026

Designed for harm: Affordances, AI and gendered harm in gaming

Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI)
This working paper examines how platform design and AI in gaming facilitate gendered harm. Despite representing half of the gaming population, women face persistent toxicity. The report evaluates current content-focused governance and advocates for structural accountability frameworks, citing EU and UK regulatory models as effective examples.
Research
20 August 2026

Human rights and conflict in mineral supply chains: An Investor Guide

First Sentier MUFG Sustainable Investment Institute
This research explores human rights and conflict risks in mineral supply chains, focusing on artisanal and small-scale mining. It outlines demand surges for critical minerals, the limitations of current regulatory frameworks, and provides guidance for investors to implement heightened due diligence and promote responsible sourcing practices across global portfolios.
Research
7 August 2026

Rio Tinto: A just transition case study

Anthropocene Fixed Income Institute
This report examines Rio Tinto’s failure to secure a social licence to operate for the Jadar lithium mine in Serbia. It highlights how social risks associated with the energy transition can lead to project abandonment, financial losses, and reputational damage, ultimately impacting bondholders as lithium production becomes more material.
Research
8 June 2026

Shifting ground: Human rights, Chinese investment and the rush for transition minerals

This report analyses 326 allegations of human rights and environmental abuses linked to Chinese overseas transition mineral investments between 2023 and 2025. It identifies Indonesia as the primary hotspot and highlights critical risks in extraction and processing, while offering recommendations for governments and companies to ensure a just transition.
Research
8 July 2026

Progress report: national adaptation plan

He Pou a Rangi – Climate Change Commission
This 2026 report by He Pou a Rangi Climate Change Commission assesses New Zealand's progress on its first national adaptation plan. It finds that adaptation efforts are insufficient and recommends six foundational improvements, focusing on funding, legislative alignment, and Māori-led action to address escalating climate risks.
Research
1 August 2026

The true cost of impact-first investing: A comparative analysis of the economics and subsidy structure of impact-first investing

This research by the Miller Center and partners analyses 362 deals to illuminate the true costs of impact-first investing. It finds these funds are operationally efficient but face a structurally underfunded 'premium for inclusion'. The study argues fund-level subsidies are essential for bridging the enterprise-level Valley of Death.
Research
16 June 2026

Scaling up blue finance to support mangrove-based livelihoods in the Philippines

Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment
This report examines mobilising blue finance for mangrove restoration in the Philippines to enhance climate resilience and livelihoods. It proposes a debt-for-mangrove swap framework using multilateral development bank debt management tools. Key recommendations include establishing a mangrove trust fund and improving governance of marine protected areas to attract investment.
Research
1 May 2026

From green to clean to eco-social: How to put wellbeing back onto the EU’s sustainability agenda

Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS)
This policy brief examines the shift in EU sustainability discourse from the European Green Deal to the Clean Industrial Deal. It argues for re-anchoring wellbeing in the agenda through the sustainable and inclusive wellbeing framework, suggesting eco-social conditionalities and alternative economic modelling to move beyond GDP-focused competitiveness.
Research
21 May 2026

Good practice for credible verification of living wages

ISEAL Alliance
This guidance establishes a tool-agnostic framework for the credible verification of living wage gaps. It details good practices for assessing remuneration data, in-kind benefits via the ARI 2025 approach, and living wage estimates. Key requirements include methodological rigour, triangulation, and independent oversight to ensure accurate, comparable outcomes.
Research
13 April 2026

Life cycle assessment for cotton (country averages, organic, regenerative, recycled)

Textile Exchange
This research provides regional life cycle assessment data for cotton cultivation and recycling across key global regions. It identifies environmental hotspots, such as nitrogen fertiliser emissions and electricity consumption, while integrating additional sustainability criteria like soil health, biodiversity, and human rights through an LCA+ approach.
Research
24 March 2026

Converging on disclosure

European Corporate Governance Institute (ECGI)
This research examines the shifting landscape of corporate racial disclosures, noting a recent trend towards retrenchment. It argues that mandatory disclosure remains politically viable through interest-convergence. While progressives and conservatives disagree on racial equity goals, both can converge on the utility of transparency to monitor or challenge corporate behaviour.
Research
1 October 2026

Lifelong learning and skills for the future: Insights for Latin America and the Caribbean

International Labour Organisation (ILO)
This research brief explores lifelong learning and future skill requirements in Latin America and the Caribbean. It addresses structural challenges like high informality and rapid population ageing. Utilising big-data analytics and institutional surveys, the report provides recommendations for building inclusive, flexible learning systems aligned with technological and green transitions.
Research
3 May 2026

Key figures on European living conditions series

Eurostat
This benchmark series provides a comprehensive overview of European living conditions using statistical indicators. Produced by Eurostat, it covers income distribution, inequality, household characteristics, health, and disability across EU and EFTA countries. The series supports socio-economic analysis and policy development through clear visualisations and factual data.
Benchmark/series
17 September 2026

Lethal humidity and the systemic risks of climate change

This report examines the systemic threats posed by lethal humidity, where extreme heat and moisture exceed human physiological limits. Focusing on historical cases and Indonesia, it details cascading impacts on health, energy, and agriculture. It calls for urgent emissions reductions and improved global cooling strategies to mitigate escalating climate risks.
Research
12 May 2026
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