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GOAL 14: Life Below Water

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Investing in a pollution free ocean

Back to Blue
The report explores how ocean pollution poses financial, legal and reputational risks to businesses, particularly land-based sectors. It identifies data gaps as a barrier to effective decision-making and highlights opportunities in green chemistry, data innovation and sustainable finance. It recommends integrating ocean health into corporate and financial strategies.
Research
24 March 2025

Back to Blue

Issue Focused NGOs & Think Tanks
Back to Blue Initiative is a joint project by Economist Impact and the Nippon Foundation addressing ocean pollution. It focuses on data-driven solutions for plastic and chemical pollution in marine environments. The initiative offers research, policy insights and advocacy to support sustainable ocean health and inform global environmental decision-making.
Organisation
1 research item

The nature-based solutions map

World Business Council for Sustainable Development
This tool is designed to help businesses identify relevant nature-based solutions (NbS) for addressing challenges related to core business operations, climate, nature, water, and social equity. It categorises NbS based on business needs and biomes, facilitating decision-making. The map serves as a starting point, requiring further development for implementation.
Research
5 June 2024

The blended finance playbook for nature-based solutions

Earth Security
This playbook contains a collection of useful case studies for investors, highlighting growing evidence of investment opportunities in nature. The playbook also contains guidance for investors looking to grow their blended finance portfolio.
Research
25 June 2021

Conservation Capital case studies

Conservation Capital provides various case studies showcasing successful conservation finance initiatives that integrate business principles with environmental conservation efforts. These case studies highlight projects that generate both financial returns and positive conservation outcomes.
Online tool/database

TNFD's Learning Lab

Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD)
The TNFD Learning Lab is a free, open-access platform offering self-paced modules to help individuals understand nature-related issues and the TNFD's recommendations. It includes educational videos, webinars, and resources, covering foundational concepts and practical applications. Registration is required to access the content.
Online tool/database

Conservation investment blueprint: Environmental impact bond for green infrastructure - coastal resilience

This case study outlines the Environmental Impact Bond (EIB) model for funding coastal resilience projects. It focuses on Louisiana’s wetland restoration to mitigate storm damage and land loss. The EIB attracts private investment, enabling earlier project implementation, cost savings, and ecological benefits. It aligns financial incentives with conservation goals through performance-based returns.
Research
10 January 2019

Conservation investment blueprint: Public-private partnership for marine protected areas developed based on the case study of blue finance

The report outlines a conservation investment blueprint using public-private partnerships (PPPs) to manage marine protected areas (MPAs). Blue Finance structures collaborative management agreements and sustainable financing mechanisms to enhance marine biodiversity, support local economies, and improve climate resilience. The model combines impact investment, tourism revenues, and government collaboration for long-term MPA sustainability.
Research
9 May 2020

Sustainable development report interactive map

Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN)
The Sustainable Development Report's interactive map evaluates the progress of all 193 UN Member States towards the 17 Sustainable Development Goals. Each country's performance is scored, with 100 indicating full achievement. Users can explore individual goals and assess transboundary impacts through the Spillover Index.
Online tool/database

Climate & nature sovereign index: Introducing a framework for a clear assessment of environmental risk

World Wide Fund for Nature (World Wildlife Fund – WWF)
The Climate and Nature Sovereign Index (CNSI) is a framework assessing climate and nature-related risks at a country level. It utilises real-time and forward-looking indicators to help sovereign debt investors evaluate environmental risks and engage with countries on sustainable policies, aiming to integrate environmental considerations into sovereign debt investing for better long-term outcomes.
Research
24 July 2020

IFC performance standard 6: Biodiversity conservation and sustainable management of living natural resources

International Finance Corporation
The IFC Performance Standard 6 outlines guidelines for conserving biodiversity and managing living natural resources. It aims to protect and sustain biodiversity, ensure the sustainable management of natural resources, and promote the maintenance of ecosystem services. By implementing these standards, projects can minimise environmental impacts, contribute to conservation efforts, and support sustainable livelihoods, enhancing overall project sustainability and resilience.
Research
1 January 2012

Nature risk profile: A methodology for profiling nature related dependencies and impacts

United Nations Environment Programme
The technical guideline outlines a methodology for how companies and investors can profile nature-related risks arising from dependencies and impacts of economic activities by combining nature data with data on the locations of companies' activities.
Research
17 January 2023

Connecting finance and natural capital: A supplement to the Natural Capital Protocol

Capitals Coalition (CapsCo)
This supplement provides financial institutions with a framework for integrating natural capital considerations into their decision-making processes. It offers practical guidance on assessing and valuing natural capital dependencies and impacts, helping institutions manage risks and identify opportunities related to natural capital. It includes methodologies for incorporating natural capital into investment analysis, lending, and insurance underwriting, ultimately promoting sustainable finance practices.
Research
17 April 2018

Guidelines for blue finance: Guidance for financing the blue economy, building on the Green Bond Principles and the Green Loan Principles

International Finance Corporation
This guidance document aims to provide a list of eligible use of proceeds to support private investments aligned with the Green Bond Principles and Green Loan Principles and contributing to Goals 6 and 14 of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals — “Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all,” and “Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development.” This document identifies eligible blue project categories to guide IFC’s investments to support the blue economy, in line with the Green Bond Principles and Green Loan Principles.
Research
25 January 2022

How business and finance can contribute to a nature positive future now

Business for Nature
This report provides an in-depth exploration of the term "nature positive" and its implications for business and finance. It aims to build a shared understanding and alignment on what nature positive means, offering insights and recommendations to drive meaningful action towards halting and reversing nature loss. This report is particularly valuable for investors as it clarifies the concept of "nature positive" and its relevance to investment strategies. It helps investors understand the risks and opportunities associated with nature loss and provides a framework for integrating nature-positive principles into investment decisions.
Research
17 October 2022

Australia's State of the Environment 2021

Australian Government
This website hosts the Australia State of the Environment Report, which provides comprehensive assessments of the condition of Australia's environment. The report covers various themes, including biodiversity, land, inland water, coasts, marine environment, atmosphere, and heritage. It offers valuable insights into environmental trends, pressures, and management actions, supporting informed policy and decision-making for sustainable development.
Online tool/database
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