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GOAL 15: Life on Land

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TNFD Learning Lab

Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD)
TNFD’s Learning Lab is a free, open-access platform offering self-paced modules on nature-related issues and the TNFD framework. It provides videos, webinars, case studies and practical guidance to help finance and business professionals build capability in nature-related assessment, reporting and decision-making.
Research

Data shows regulation drives action: Forest 500 report 2026

Global Canopy
Forest 500 finds that anticipated EUDR regulation is already driving corporate traceability and deforestation action, though progress remains uneven: only 4% of assessed companies are leaders, 63% show partial action and 33% remain laggards.
Research
13 April 2026

Discussion paper on the state of nature measurement

Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD)
Discussion paper outlines integrating state of nature metrics into TNFD, GRI and SBTN frameworks. It proposes embedding consensus metrics from the Nature Positive Initiative across assessment, disclosure, transition planning and target-setting, highlighting ecosystem extent and condition as central to evaluating nature-related dependencies, risks and opportunities.
Research
10 April 2026

The unseen costs of blue skies: Pollutant substitution and biodiversity loss

National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)
China’s PM₂.₅-targeted regulation reduced particulates but increased O₃ via pollutant substitution driven by incentive distortions. Resulting ozone rises increased mortality and reduced biodiversity, offsetting ~24% of policy benefits. Findings highlight welfare losses from narrow performance metrics and the need for multi-pollutant regulation.
Research
15 April 2026

NatureFinance: Resources & Tools

NatureFinance
NatureFinance’s Resources & Tools hub provides a curated collection of reports, briefs and analytical tools focused on mobilising finance for nature-positive outcomes. It covers topics such as bioeconomy development, nature markets and innovative financing structures, supporting investors and policymakers in integrating nature-related considerations into financial decision-making.
Research

Forever wild series

Forever Wild
This series outlines the Forever Wild Initiative’s approach to financing and managing large-scale wilderness landscapes through blended capital models, community co-design, and nature-based enterprises. It documents the development of equitable nature finance structures that integrate conservation, economic activity, and social outcomes across landscapes.
Benchmark/series
27 August 2025

Nature markets: Overarching principles and framework: Specification version 2

The British Standards Institution (BSI)
Sets out overarching principles and framework for high-integrity UK nature markets, covering credit generation, trading and storage. Emphasises transparency, additionality, governance, verification and registries to ensure credible environmental outcomes, prevent greenwashing, and support investment in nature recovery.
Research
11 March 2025

Sustainable Finance Roundup March 2026: Markets, Climate Risk, and the Transition in Practice

This month’s sustainability roundup captures a shift from framework development to real-world application, where climate and nature risks are increasingly embedded across financial systems, legal accountability, and decision-making. It highlights how intensifying physical climate signals, evolving disclosures, and maturing litigation are converging with insights on sovereign risk, energy systems, and corporate strategy. Together, these developments show how sustainability is moving beyond principle—being tested, priced, and enforced across markets, regulation, and the real economy.
Article
31 March 2026

Nature-based solutions

ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes
This report explains nature-based solutions as ecosystem protection, restoration and management measures that can support climate mitigation, adaptation and biodiversity. It stresses their carbon-storage limits, vulnerability to disturbance, and the risk of overreliance in net-zero claims without deep emissions cuts.
Research
13 June 2024

Climate-nature scenario development for financial risk assessment

Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK)
This report develops integrated climate-nature scenarios for financial risk assessment, showing that combined climate and nature policies provide a fuller view of agricultural, biodiversity and ecosystem-service risks than separate approaches, with implications for central banks, supervisors and future stress-testing frameworks.
Research
12 November 2024

Regulating finance for biodiversity: An assessment for the global biodiversity framework

Profundo
This report assesses how financial regulation in Indonesia, Brazil, China, the EU and the US aligns with Global Biodiversity Framework targets, finding biodiversity integration generally weak and recommending stronger disclosure, due diligence, taxonomies, sanctions and sector-specific rules to redirect finance away from forest-risk activities.
Research
14 October 2024

Kicking away the green ladder: The asymmetric sovereign risk from nature degradation

Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment
This working paper analyses how nature and biodiversity degradation affect sovereign borrowing costs. Using panel econometric models across 53 countries (2000–2020), it finds biodiversity loss raises bond yield spreads, with effects up to three times larger for higher-risk, often lower-income countries, indicating asymmetric sovereign risk from nature-related financial vulnerability.
Research
6 March 2026

Wageningen University & Research (WUR)

Academic Institutions
Wageningen University & Research (WUR) is a leading Dutch academic institution focused on sustainable food systems, climate change, biodiversity, agriculture and environmental science.

It combines university education with applied and fundamental research to address global challenges in nutrition, health, water and circular bioeconomy. WUR partners with industry and governments worldwide.
Organisation
1 research item

Methodological assessment of the impact and dependency of business on biodiversity and nature’s contributions to people (business and biodiversity assessment)

Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES)
The IPBES Business and Biodiversity assessment evaluates how businesses depend on and impact biodiversity and nature’s contributions to people, reviews measurement approaches, and outlines options for action to manage risks and align business practices with biodiversity outcomes, supporting Target 15 of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.
Research
8 February 2026

Nature-based risk assessment: Integrating project-related finance

United Nations Environment Programme Finance Initiative (UNEP FI)
Guidance from UNEP FI and the Equator Principles on integrating project-related finance into nature-based risk assessments. It outlines frameworks, governance and disclosure expectations to help financial institutions identify, assess and manage biodiversity, water and pollution-related risks at project and portfolio levels.
Research
22 January 2026

Ecosystem tipping points: Understanding the risks to the economy and the financial system

UCL Institute for Innovation and Public Purpose
This report analyses ecosystem tipping points as systemic risks to economies and financial systems, highlighting non-linear, irreversible ecosystem collapse. It finds current models underestimate impacts and urges precautionary, ecosystem-focused policy and financial regulation to protect price and financial stability.
Research
1 April 2024
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