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GOAL 15: Life on Land

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Integrating nature into macroeconomic models

London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)
This report summarises a workshop of 35 experts discussing the integration of nature into macroeconomic models. It highlights that current nature-blind frameworks misprice risks and undervalue natural capital. Through case studies and transmission channel mapping, it identifies practical ways to embed ecological assets into core economic decision-making processes.
Research
23 January 2026

Nature Stocktake

BankTrack
The Nature Stocktake by BankTrack evaluates 30 global banks on their biodiversity commitments and exclusion policies. It provides finance professionals with comparative data on bank alignment with the Global Biodiversity Framework and exposure to forest-risk commodities.
Online tool/database
26 October 2026

Food, land, and money: The case for ending the Agribusiness Financial Complex and funding the Peoples’ Food Web

Friends of the Earth United States
This report examines the 'Agribusiness Financial Complex', where global finance and industrial agribusiness prioritise shareholder profit over food security. It analyses the top 100 agrifood companies, highlights the environmental and social harms of financialisation, and advocates for a transition to a decentralised 'Peoples' Food Web' through agroecology.
Research
3 September 2026

Pure dynamite: How Bolsonaro’s government (2019-2022) mineral policy set up a climate and anti-indigenous bomb

The Mining Observatory
This report analyses Brazil's mineral policy under the Bolsonaro administration from 2019 to 2022. It details how deregulation, lobbying, and legislative changes facilitated industrial and illegal mining, leading to environmental degradation and human rights violations. It provides a timeline of events and suggests measures for policy reform.
Research
24 March 2023

Zeroing in on net-zero: The role of carbon dioxide removals and carbon sequestration in EU member states’ climate planning

Carbon Market Watch
This report evaluates carbon dioxide removal and sequestration strategies in five EU member states. It finds that national climate plans often lack strategic rigour, over-rely on declining land sinks, and fail to distinguish between permanent removals and fossil carbon capture. Recommendations focus on binding targets and transparent feasibility assessments.
Research
14 September 2026

Seek and you shall find: Alternatives to PFAS in electronics

ChemSec
This report demonstrates that the electronics industry is not critically dependent on PFAS, widely known as 'forever chemicals'. It highlights commercially available, high-performance alternatives across eight key categories, including printed circuit boards, coatings, and heat transfer fluids, arguing against proposed lengthy regulatory exemptions for these substances.
Research
16 October 2026

Sovereign Debt Assessment Model (First Update)

Finance for Biodiversity Foundation
The Sovereign Debt Assessment Model by the Finance for Biodiversity Foundation evaluates the dual relationship between nature loss and sovereign debt sustainability to help investors manage nature-related risks.
Online tool/database
13 November 2025

FfB Foundation impact report 2025: Policy brief

Finance for Biodiversity Foundation
The Finance for Biodiversity Foundation's 2025 policy brief reviews progress among 200 financial institutions in addressing nature loss. It highlights increased policy adoption and capital allocation while identifying barriers like data gaps and risk perception. The report calls for government action to mandate disclosures, transition plans, and economic incentives.
Research
10 December 2025

The case of EUDR in Ethiopia: How to secure climate, trade and development goals, and overcome risks of market exclusion

ODI Global
This research evaluates economic and financial risks to Ethiopia’s coffee sector from the European Union Deforestation Regulation. It identifies potential market exclusion for smallholders, significant foreign exchange losses, and financial vulnerabilities, while recommending integrated incentive mechanisms like carbon credits and improved cooperative structures to support compliance and livelihoods.
Research
19 October 2026

When clean air is sacrificed for global commodities: Indonesia forest and peatland fire facts report 2026

Greenpeace
This report examines the 2026 Indonesia forest and peatland fires, highlighting the failure of restoration efforts and the impact of corporate entities. It details health crises affecting 12.5 million people, significant carbon emissions, and transboundary haze while demanding stricter legal accountability for regional governments and global commodity producers.
Research
4 October 2026

Forests & Finance Coalition

Rainforest Action Network
Forests & Finance is a database tracking billions in capital flows to forest-risk commodity companies. It provides transparency on financial links to deforestation and human rights risks.
Resource hub

Nature in portfolios: A practical framework for investment decision-making

Northern Trust Asset Management
This report introduces Northern Trust Asset Management’s Nature Framework, a three-pillar approach for integrating nature-related risks and opportunities into investment portfolios. It demonstrates that significant biodiversity impact reductions and nature-aligned outcomes can be achieved with modest active risk through targeted, materiality-based implementation and active stewardship.
Research
23 August 2026

Advancing rights-based and community-led conservation in Africa: Evidence, lessons, and recommendations

Rights and Resources Initiative
This research examines rights-based and community-led conservation in Africa, demonstrating that community management on lands under customary tenure is essential for biodiversity. It identifies key success factors, evaluates formal and informal initiatives, and provides recommendations for governments to integrate these approaches into national biodiversity strategies and financing plans.
Research
10 September 2026

Strengthening synergies between JREDD+ and sustainable supply chains to protect tropical forests

Accountability Framework initiative
This white paper examines the integration of Jurisdictional REDD+ (JREDD+) programmes with corporate supply chain sustainability. It identifies pathways for corporate engagement, addresses structural barriers, and provides recommendations for recognising jurisdictional progress within sustainability frameworks to scale investment and enhance forest conservation outcomes in commodity production landscapes.
Research
18 September 2026

Traceability

Accountability Framework initiative
The Accountability Framework provides guidance on supply chain traceability to ensure products are free from deforestation and human rights abuses. It outlines traceability requirements for different supply chain actors, defines four approaches for controlling product origins, and provides tools for companies to assess and report on their ethical commitments.
Research
5 October 2020

Synergies between Biodiversity and Climate Policy

International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD)
A resource from the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) exploring policy alignment between biodiversity and climate change frameworks. It provides insights into Nature-based Solutions and integrated environmental governance.
Resource hub
9 December 2022
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