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Fixed income includes government bonds, corporate bonds and asset-backed securities. Cash typically refers to money market instruments and short-term, highly liquid investments that provide capital preservation and stability.

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Institute for Sustainable Finance (ISF)

Academic Institutions
Institute for Sustainable Finance (ISF) at Smith School of Business, Queen’s University, is Canada’s first multi-disciplinary hub aligning finance with environmental sustainability. It conducts research, publishes policy guidance, and runs education and collaboration programmes to help policymakers, investors, and firms integrate climate risk, nature, and ESG considerations into capital allocation and regulation.
Organisation
1 research item

Leakage in the common ground: How misalignment in sustainable finance taxonomies impacts cross-border capital flows

The paper models how misaligned sustainable finance taxonomies can cause cross-border capital leakage, reducing alignment with developed-market standards. It identifies four ratios determining whether endorsing common ground improves outcomes and shows leakage can be significant without regulatory measures to differentiate and prioritise higher-quality green bonds.
Research
3 July 2025

Sustainable Finance Roundup November 2025: Transition Turning Points and Rising Accountability

This month’s sustainable-finance roundup highlights faster transition momentum, rising physical risks and a tightening focus on accountability. COP30 reinforced expectations for stronger 2035 targets, while national actions underscored diverging paths toward decarbonisation. Markets continued shifting toward clean energy and resilience, and new science made climate harms more visible. With regulatory scrutiny and litigation increasing, transition credibility and real-economy resilience are becoming core drivers of financial risk and investment decisions.
Article
1 December 2025

Increasing climate ambition, decreasing emissions: The third progress report of the net-zero asset owner alliance

United Nations Environment Programme Finance Initiative (UNEP FI)
The report outlines the Net-Zero Asset Owner Alliance’s progress in reducing financed emissions, strengthening target-setting, and expanding climate-solution investments. It highlights updated methodologies, increased engagement with companies and policymakers, and rising member participation, underscoring the need for credible transition pathways and supportive policy environments to advance alignment with 1.5°C goals.
Research
19 October 2023

Closing the Gap: The evolution of climate transition finance in China

Asia Research & Engagement (ARE)
China’s transition finance market is expanding to support the decarbonisation of high-emitting industries. The report outlines growth in green and sustainability-linked bonds, emerging transition frameworks, and ongoing debates on coal and gas inclusion, highlighting the need for clearer standards and broader financing tools to meet China’s 2060 climate goals.
Research
21 December 2023

Access bank: Driving inclusive growth through responsible banking

This case study explores how Access Bank integrates the UN Principles for Responsible Banking into its operations, advancing green finance, financial inclusion, and gender equality. It highlights the bank’s green bond issuances, ESG frameworks, and stakeholder engagement, offering investors insight into sustainable finance practices within emerging markets.
Case study
19 March 2025

Assessing the materiality of nature-related financial risks for the UK

Green Finance Institute
The report, Assessing the Materiality of Nature-Related Financial Risks for the UK (April 2024), quantifies how biodiversity loss and environmental degradation could materially affect the UK economy and finance sector. It finds nature-related risks—especially from water scarcity, soil decline, and biodiversity loss—could reduce GDP by up to 12% by the 2030s, exceeding impacts from the Global Financial Crisis or COVID-19.
Research
26 April 2024

Translating to action: Net zero investment in Asia

Asia Investor Group on Climate Change (AIGCC)
The Asia Investor Group on Climate Change (AIGCC)’s fourth annual report surveys Asian investors managing USD 7.9 trillion to assess their progress on net-zero investment strategies. It highlights growing commitments to emissions measurement, climate solutions, and stewardship, while identifying data gaps, limited policy clarity, and inconsistent methodologies as persistent barriers.
Research
1 December 2022

Empowering women, building sustainable assets: Strengthening the depth of gender lens investing across asset classes

UN Women: United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women
The report analyses the growth and practices of gender lens investing (GLI) across asset classes. It highlights how institutional investors and impact funds integrate gender equality goals into investment strategies, identifies challenges such as limited data and standardisation, and provides guidance to deepen GLI’s contribution to achieving Sustainable Development Goal 5 on gender equality.
Research
1 January 2024

Lazard

Other
Lazard offers global financial advisory and asset management services, specialising in mergers and acquisitions, restructuring, capital markets and investment strategy. Founded in 1848, it serves institutional clients, corporations, governments and high-net-worth individuals across 40+ cities worldwide.
Organisation
1 research item

Responsible Returns

Responsible Investment Association Australasia (RIAA)
ResponsibleReturns is a directory that enables users to find independently certified ethical, sustainable or responsible banking, superannuation and investment products.
Online tool/database

Global sustainable investment review 2018

Global Sustainable Investment Alliance
This report summarises global sustainable investment trends from 2016 to 2018, noting a 34 per cent increase to USD 30.7 trillion. Japan saw the fastest growth, while Europe remained the largest market. The leading strategies were ESG integration, exclusionary screening, and shareholder engagement across major investment regions.
Research
19 June 2019

Responsible investment benchmark report Australia 2024

Responsible Investment Association Australasia (RIAA)
This report summarises the growth and performance of Australia’s responsible investment market in 2023, with RI assets reaching A$1.6 trillion, or 41% of total managed funds. It highlights strengthened ESG integration, transparency, and stewardship, reflecting increasing investor demand, regulatory developments, and alignment with global sustainability standards.
Research
19 November 2024

Responsible investment benchmark report Aotearoa New Zealand 2024

Responsible Investment Association Australasia (RIAA)
This report summarises the 2024 benchmarking of New Zealand’s responsible investment market, assessing 70 investment managers using RIAA’s Responsible Investment Scorecard. It finds NZ$207 billion in responsible assets, representing 56% of total funds, and highlights expanding ESG integration, transparency, stewardship, and impact investing alongside strengthened regulation and market maturity.
Research
12 March 2024

The Real Tragedy of the Horizon

Mark Carney’s “tragedy of the horizon” warned that markets would act too late on climate risks. A decade later, this article argues that framing climate change as a financial risk has misdirected efforts—what’s needed now is coordinated action to create investable markets, especially in emerging economies.
Article
13 October 2025

Impact-linked finance: Learning from eight years and ideas for the future

Roots of Impact
This report by Roots of Impact (2024) reviews eight years of experience implementing Impact-Linked Finance (ILF), a structuring approach that rewards measurable social or environmental outcomes by linking financial terms to impact performance. It outlines ILF’s evolution, design principles, effectiveness benchmarks, and opportunities to scale through collaboration and new impact-linked instruments.
Research
24 June 2024
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