This report argues climate damage functions systematically underestimate risks by relying on smooth, GDP-centred models. Drawing on expert elicitation, it highlights nonlinear, cascading and tail risks, tipping points, and limits to growth. It recommends recalibrating modelling and financial supervision towards precaution, systemic resilience and transparent uncertainty.

The OpenFEMA National Risk Index Data is a dataset that shows which United States communities are most at risk from 18 natural hazards, using measures of expected annual loss, social vulnerability and community resilience. Data are available for counties and Census tracts and can be downloaded for analysis.

The Climate Finance Vulnerability Index (CliF-VI) is a data-driven global tool that assesses nations’ climate risk alongside their financial capacity to respond, helping guide adaptation financing. It combines climate, financial and governance indicators in an interactive dashboard to inform equitable allocation of climate adaptation funds.

The SENSES Toolkit is an interactive online platform offering modules to learn about, visualise and explore climate change scenarios. It supports decision-makers in understanding scenario approaches, climate impacts, mitigation and adaptation pathways, with practical guidelines for policy, finance and regional users.

The IPCC AR5 Scenario Database, hosted by IIASA, provides access to long-term emissions and mitigation scenarios assessed in Working Group III’s Fifth Assessment Report. It enables users to explore modelled pathways on climate change, energy systems and greenhouse gas emissions, supporting analysis of transition risks and policy-relevant climate outcomes.

Carbon Tracker’s Reports page hosts research analysing how supply, demand and climate policy affect fossil-fuel exposed companies and markets. It provides scenario analysis, methodological frameworks and sector-specific insights for investors and policymakers on climate-related financial risk and the energy transition.

This article presents the Three Horizons of Decarbonisation framework, helping companies distinguish between short-term efficiency measures, operational transformation, and fundamental business model shifts. It explains how clear horizon identification improves capital allocation, stakeholder engagement, and the likelihood that net zero plans translate into meaningful action.

Phase 2A of the Hong Kong Taxonomy for Sustainable Finance sets out detailed criteria for classifying environmentally sustainable activities, aligned with international taxonomies. It covers additional sectors, technical screening thresholds, and transition activities, aiming to enhance transparency, comparability and capital allocation towards climate mitigation and adaptation in Hong Kong.

Guidance from UNEP FI and the Equator Principles on integrating project-related finance into nature-based risk assessments. It outlines frameworks, governance and disclosure expectations to help financial institutions identify, assess and manage biodiversity, water and pollution-related risks at project and portfolio levels.

The China Sustainable Investment Review is a recurring research series that provides a structured overview of the development of China’s sustainable investment market. It examines policy evolution, market practices, product types, and ESG integration across financial institutions using publicly available information.

The MSCI Sustainability Institute Net-Zero Tracker is a periodic benchmark series that monitors how listed companies align with global climate goals. It provides a consistent framework for assessing emissions pathways, transition readiness, disclosure practices and climate-related investment context across markets and sectors.

The paper shows bond markets price fossil fuel stranding risk, while syndicated bank loans do not. Firms substitute bonds with bank loans as climate policy risk rises, concentrating exposure in large banks and raising “too-big-to-strand” regulatory concerns.

The report analyses bank and investor financing of LNG expansion, finding US$213 billion in bank support and US$252 billion in investor exposure since 2021. It concludes this financing drives overcapacity, climate risk and misalignment with 1.5 °C pathways.

China Sustainable Investment Forum (China SIF) is a non-profit platform promoting sustainable finance and responsible investment in China.China SIF convenes investors, policymakers and researchers, producing ESG research, trend reports and high-profile events to advance environmental, social and governance practices in financial markets.

Carbon Trust is a global climate consultancy and not-for-profit organisation supporting businesses, governments and investors to reduce carbon emissions. It provides research, advisory services and certification on net zero, energy efficiency and sustainable supply chains, helping accelerate the transition to a low-carbon economy through practical tools, insights and policy engagement.

This report analyses global financing of transition mineral mining, showing concentrated capital flows, weak financial institution policies, and material environmental and human rights risks. It links bank and investor finance to mining harms across key regions and calls for stronger regulation and safeguards to enable a just energy transition.