Library | Sustainable Finance Practices

Fixing financial and economic systems

Resources focused on transforming financial and economic systems to prioritise human well-being, equity, and environmental sustainability. Includes systemic change models such as degrowth, green growth, doughnut economics, and limits to growth.

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Financial and economic returns to investing in One Health: Evidence and future directions

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations
This research examines the financial case for investing in One Health to mitigate global health threats. It highlights how integrated approaches reduce costs and improve efficiencies. Through various global case studies, the report demonstrates significant economic returns and provides a strategic blueprint for future sustainable investment.
Research
6 November 2026

Energy transition index series

World Economic Forum
The Energy Transition Index is a benchmark series providing a structured, data-driven framework to assess national energy systems and track transition progress across 120 countries. It evaluates performance through security, equity, and sustainability lenses, alongside transition readiness factors, helping decision-makers identify gaps and understand the conditions required for resilience.
Benchmark/series
18 June 2026

Innovation, business cycles, and the climate transition

National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)
This research documents that non-green innovation is procyclical, while green innovation is countercyclical. This divergence is driven by green technologies' backloaded profit structures and the reduced cost of skilled R&D labour during downturns. The study highlights that innovation subsidies are significantly more effective when implemented during economic contractions.
Research
16 September 2026

Economics of demand-side and supply-side climate policies

National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)
This research evaluates demand-side and supply-side climate policies, recommending a portfolio that combines carbon use and extraction pricing to mitigate emissions leakage. It emphasises transmission reform, innovation support, and green industrial policies while analysing the domestic and global distributional consequences for low-income and major fossil fuel producing nations.
Research
23 September 2026

Developing regional climate resilience investment plans and project pipelines: Implementation guidance to support regions through the Adaptation Investment Cycle

This guidance outlines the six-phase Adaptation Investment Cycle for European regions to develop Climate Resilience Investment Plans. It details how to address financing barriers, conduct economic appraisals, and structure bankable project pipelines, aiming to bridge the adaptation funding gap through strategic public and private sector engagement.
Research
10 September 2026

From planetary hazard to financial stability: Disentangling climate risk and institutional responsibility

Columbia Center on Sustainable Investment
This report identifies the misalignment between institutional mandates and climate risk expectations. It distinguishes between planetary, economic and financial risks, outlining six distinct responses. The authors argue that current frameworks distract from real-economy decarbonisation and shift climate costs onto public balance sheets, requiring clearer policy distinctions and instruments.
Research
1 June 2026

CLIMATEFIT

CLIMATEFIT
CLIMATEFIT is an EU-funded initiative that provides public authorities and investors with tools, databases, and methodologies to develop bankable climate adaptation projects and bridge the resilience finance gap.
Resource hub
10 October 2023

The age of interconnected risks: How interdependencies are shaping the next generation of systemic crises

London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)
This report examines rising systemic vulnerabilities driven by interconnected financial, digital, natural, and socio-economic risks. It highlights the gap between market pricing and actual risk, noting how AI, climate change, and geopolitical fragmentation amplify potential crises. It proposes collaborative monitoring and expanded risk-transfer capacity to strengthen global resilience.
Research
21 September 2026

Public finance in the digital era: Emerging themes 2026

ODI Global
This report explores emerging themes in digital-era public financial management (PFM) for 2026. It examines the integration of artificial intelligence, digital public infrastructure, and earth observation to improve fiscal oversight, tax administration, and public welfare, while highlighting risks from declining international aid and proprietary software lock-in.
Research

Natura Future P&L Tool

Natura
The Natura Future P&L Tool is a free digital platform that enables businesses to measure and monetise their environmental, social, and human impacts. It helps finance professionals integrate ESG externalities into traditional financial analysis to assess a company’s total value creation.
Online tool/database

AI-driven productivity gains enable more CO₂ emissions than they avoid in a global energy–economy model

Research using a global energy-economy model indicates that AI-driven productivity gains increase net annual CO2 emissions by 0.47–1.8 gigatonnes under parallel adoption. Enabled emissions from fossil sectors consistently exceed avoided emissions from renewables. Achieving net reductions requires renewable productivity gains to be four to five times greater than fossil gains.
Research
9 April 2026

Mobility Diagnosis

ADEME (French Agency for Ecological Transition)
Mobility Diagnosis is an open-source territorial analysis tool supported by ADEME. It helps local authorities and planners design decarbonised transport strategies by centralising data on travel practices and geographical profiles.
Online tool/database

Reframing financial markets as complex systems: Tools for systemic risk analysis, portfolio management, and system-level investing

CFA Institute
This report explores financial markets as complex adaptive systems, advocating for modelling techniques like agent-based models and network theory. It highlights how these tools improve systemic risk analysis and portfolio management by capturing non-linear behaviours, herding, and interconnectedness, providing a framework for more resilient and adaptive global financial systems.
Research
22 October 2025

Advancing competition for financial inclusion: Six policy considerations for financial sector authorities

Consultative Group to Assist the Poor (CGAP)
This report provides six policy considerations for financial sector authorities to promote competition and advance financial inclusion. Drawing on eight country case studies, it explains how regulators can use existing mandates, coordinate across sectors, and leverage infrastructure design to address market concentration and support digital financial innovation.
Research
13 May 2026

Who funds and who pays: The funding of solar geoengineering, 2020–2025

Heinrich Böll Foundation
This report examines the dramatic tenfold increase in solar geoengineering funding between 2020 and 2025. It highlights the dominance of US and UK tech billionaires and government agencies in financing research, raising concerns about transparency, democratic oversight, and the marginalisation of Global South interests in climate policy.
Research
9 April 2026

Supporting just transitions through social protection: Key roles for philanthropy

ODI Global
This briefing paper explores how philanthropy can support just transitions to net zero through social protection. It examines the socio-economic risks of decarbonisation, identifies systemic coverage gaps, and highlights catalytic roles for philanthropic capital in capacity building, research, and policy alignment to ensure an inclusive transition.
Research
6 May 2026
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