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Economics of demand-side and supply-side climate policies

National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)
This research evaluates demand-side and supply-side climate policies, recommending a portfolio that combines carbon use and extraction pricing to mitigate emissions leakage. It emphasises transmission reform, innovation support, and green industrial policies while analysing the domestic and global distributional consequences for low-income and major fossil fuel producing nations.
Research
23 September 2026

Powering up: Business perspectives on electrification

A global survey of 1,994 business leaders across 18 markets reveals overwhelming support for clean electrification. While 90% expect largely electric operations by 2035 to improve energy security and competitiveness, 72% believe government policy is moving too slowly, citing grid constraints and high upfront costs as significant barriers.
Research
13 June 2026

Opening the black box on the impact of inclusive credit

Consultative Group to Assist the Poor (CGAP)
This report examines inclusive credit's impact using a five-factor framework: who, how, what for, where, and when. Drawing on 405 studies and machine learning analysis, it advocates for "precision credit"—matching product design to borrower circumstances—to move beyond average effects and ensure meaningful developmental outcomes in emerging markets.
Research
8 June 2026

From planetary hazard to financial stability: Disentangling climate risk and institutional responsibility

Columbia Center on Sustainable Investment
This report identifies the misalignment between institutional mandates and climate risk expectations. It distinguishes between planetary, economic and financial risks, outlining six distinct responses. The authors argue that current frameworks distract from real-economy decarbonisation and shift climate costs onto public balance sheets, requiring clearer policy distinctions and instruments.
Research
1 June 2026

Sovereign risk ceilings: Rethinking methodology through risk disaggregation

Columbia Center on Sustainable Investment
This report critiques sovereign ceiling practices in credit ratings for emerging market infrastructure. It proposes a disaggregated framework to assess eight specific transmission channels and mitigants, arguing that empirical data shows high survival rates for well-structured projects during sovereign crises, contrary to current blanket rating caps.
Research
1 May 2026

Government announced increases in carbon pricing and their implications for corporate valuations

EcoMap
This report explores global corporate environmental costs, finding that unpriced carbon emissions represent a material risk to valuations. Analysing approximately 20,000 companies, it illustrates how projected carbon price increases in jurisdictions like Norway and Canada could significantly erode enterprise values, especially within the aviation and maritime sectors.
Research
13 May 2026

EcoMap

Finance / Corporate Focused NGOs & Think Tanks
EcoMap is a pro-bono climate risk data platform that translates greenhouse gas emissions into monetary terms to democratize access to financial climate risk insights. The platform analyzes approximately 20,000 companies across 86 countries and 381 industries to make environmental costs actionable and transparent.
Organisation
1 research item

Sustainability-Linked Bond (SLB) Pricer

Anthropocene Fixed Income Institute
Developed by the Anthropocene Fixed Income Institute, the SLB Pricer helps investors value the embedded options and step-up features of Sustainability-Linked Bonds. It provides a quantitative framework to ensure bond structures remain robust and ambitious.
Online tool/database

Workforce heat resilience: An actionable framework to close the execution gap

World Economic Forum
This report provides a framework for businesses to address workforce heat risks. It details a seven-step roadmap to assess climate impacts, design tailored interventions, and scale resilience. With heat-driven productivity losses projected to reach $2.4 trillion by 2030, the document highlights the strategic necessity of protecting workers.
Research
18 September 2026

The age of interconnected risks: How interdependencies are shaping the next generation of systemic crises

London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)
This report examines rising systemic vulnerabilities driven by interconnected financial, digital, natural, and socio-economic risks. It highlights the gap between market pricing and actual risk, noting how AI, climate change, and geopolitical fragmentation amplify potential crises. It proposes collaborative monitoring and expanded risk-transfer capacity to strengthen global resilience.
Research
21 September 2026

Successful corporate approaches to climate policy engagement

Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment (University of Oxford)
This research examines how leading companies maintain climate policy engagement despite geopolitical challenges. It identifies three core approaches—direct engagement, trade association influence, and coalition forming—driven by business motivations such as competitive advantage and transition plan delivery. Success depends on timing, transparency, and alignment with corporate decarbonisation goals.
Research
16 September 2026

Governing climate credibility: Reviewing the governance of climate and sustainability standards

Oxford Net Zero
An independent review of governance across five leading climate standard-setters: GHGP, GRI, ISO, ISSB, and SBTi. The report evaluates structures, finance, and independence, identifying strengths and transparency gaps. It offers recommendations to enhance accountability, resource governance effectively, and ensure long-term credibility for net zero objectives.
Research
31 August 2026

Public finance in the digital era: Emerging themes 2026

ODI Global
This report explores emerging themes in digital-era public financial management (PFM) for 2026. It examines the integration of artificial intelligence, digital public infrastructure, and earth observation to improve fiscal oversight, tax administration, and public welfare, while highlighting risks from declining international aid and proprietary software lock-in.
Research

Stewarding a just transition: Frontiers of practice in listed equities

Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment
This report analyses just transition practices among 25 investment managers in listed equities. While policy recognition is high, active engagement remains a low priority concentrated in energy and mining. The research identifies barriers such as geopolitical headwinds and provides recommendations for investors, governments, and regulators to mainstream practice.
Research
19 May 2026

Natura Future P&L Tool

Natura
The Natura Future P&L Tool is a free digital platform that enables businesses to measure and monetise their environmental, social, and human impacts. It helps finance professionals integrate ESG externalities into traditional financial analysis to assess a company’s total value creation.
Online tool/database

AI-driven productivity gains enable more CO₂ emissions than they avoid in a global energy–economy model

Research using a global energy-economy model indicates that AI-driven productivity gains increase net annual CO2 emissions by 0.47–1.8 gigatonnes under parallel adoption. Enabled emissions from fossil sectors consistently exceed avoided emissions from renewables. Achieving net reductions requires renewable productivity gains to be four to five times greater than fossil gains.
Research
9 April 2026
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