The Global Carbon Budget is a recurring research series that synthesises global data on carbon dioxide sources and sinks. It provides a consistent framework for tracking emissions, atmospheric concentrations, and carbon uptake across land and oceans, supporting analysis of climate system dynamics and policy-relevant assessment over time.

This is an annual research series examining how audiences access, trust, and interpret climate change news. It analyses news use, attitudes, and perceptions across multiple countries, tracking changes over time to inform journalism practice, media strategy, and public understanding of climate-related information.

CRUSHED is a longitudinal research series by the Safe in India Foundation assessing worker safety in India’s automotive manufacturing and supplier ecosystem. Drawing on annual field evidence across multiple years, the series tracks workplace conditions, governance practices, and enforcement gaps to support consistent analysis over time.

Safe in India is a non-profit organisation advancing occupational health and safety in Indian manufacturing. It conducts factory-based research, worker training, and policy advocacy to prevent workplace injuries, strengthen labour rights, and improve supply chain safety. Focus areas include machine safety, data-driven interventions, and collaboration with industry, unions, and policymakers.

This series outlines UNICEF’s Child-Lens Investing approach, providing practical guidance for investors to integrate children’s rights and well-being into investment strategy, due diligence, contribution, and measurement across asset classes. It supports consistent application of a child lens alongside established impact and ESG practices.

Linux Foundation is a global non-profit that enables open source collaboration at scale. It hosts and supports critical projects across cloud, Linux, security and AI. Activities include governance, research, training, certification and events, helping organisations build, adopt and sustain open source technologies worldwide for industry, public sector and developer communities.

India has warmed by 0.89°C since the early 20th century, with further 1.2–1.3°C warming projected by mid-century. Evidence shows intensifying heat extremes, altered monsoon rainfall, rapid Indian Ocean warming, rising sea levels, glacier loss, and increasing compound hot–dry risks.

Animal Industry Data (AID) is a Seoul-based livestock technology company providing the Farmsplan® digital healthcare platform for livestock health monitoring and farm management using artificial intelligence, biotechnology and veterinary tech. It helps farmers detect disease early, improve productivity and support sustainable animal health solutions.

CFA Institute Research and Policy Center (RPC) is a finance research hub turning investment research into insights that strengthen capital markets, advance ethics and improve investor outcomes. RPC publishes policy analysis, research reports and industry perspectives for investment professionals, regulators and policymakers, grounded in CFA Institute expertise and market trends.

The report assesses historical warming’s effects on national income by combining climate model counterfactuals with temperature–growth estimates. It finds warming has likely reduced GDP in warmer, lower-income countries and moderately benefited some cooler, higher-income economies, contributing to increased between-country economic inequality since 1961.

This report investigates labour conditions on cotton farms in Madhya Pradesh, identifying child labour, forced labour indicators, and wage issues. It traces links to supplier and buyer supply chains and urges strengthened due diligence, remediation, and improved traceability to reduce risks and support more ethical cotton sourcing.

Oxford University Press (OUP) is a global academic and educational publisher. It operates as a department of the University of Oxford, producing textbooks, scholarly works, English language resources and reference works. OUP emphasises digital innovation, sustainability commitments, and broad international reach in research and education.

This report summarises over 1,000 studies (2015–2020) and finds that most show a positive relationship between ESG and financial performance. ESG integration and long-term strategies tend to enhance returns and risk management, while disclosure alone has limited financial impact.

London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) is a global research university specialising in economics, politics, law, social policy and data science. Based in London, LSE offers undergraduate, graduate and executive degrees, and leads in social science research, public policy impact and global academic partnerships.

Grantham Foundation for the Protection of the Environment supports climate innovation, environmental research and impact investing. Through its grant and investment programmes (such as its venture arm, Neglected Climate Opportunities), it backs early-stage technologies in carbon capture, clean energy, soil health and ecosystem conservation globally.

This study analyses whether investor engagement on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues reduces firms’ downside risk. Using data from 1,443 engagements with 485 global firms (2005–2018), it finds that successful engagements, particularly on environmental and climate issues, significantly lower downside risk and related environmental incidents.