Library | ESG issues
Agriculture, Forestry & Other Land Use
Land use for agriculture, forestry, and related activities plays a critical role in food security, biodiversity, and climate impact. As a major contributor to global emissions, land use faces challenges such as resource depletion, waste, and chemical overuse, which threaten ecosystems and long-term productivity. Sustainable practices are essential for maintaining soil health, ensuring food supply, preserving forests, and supporting farmers and rural communities. Effective land management can mitigate environmental and social risks while creating opportunities for innovation and long-term economic stability.
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The triple gap in finance for agrifood systems
This report identifies significant planning, finance, and data gaps in climate investment needed to transition global agrifood systems. Annual climate finance must increase by at least 40 times to USD 1.1 trillion by 2030. Current national commitments underestimate actual requirements, highlighting the need for clearer targets and improved data collection.
Nature-related financial disclosures: Frequently asked questions
This FAQ guide explains key concepts in nature-related financial disclosures, including biodiversity, dependencies, impacts, and the TNFD framework. It outlines disclosure requirements, materiality, governance responsibilities, and greenwashing risks, offering practical insights for businesses preparing for future regulatory expectations and aligning with international sustainability standards.
The root cause of nature loss: Forests, why they matter, and how to assess deforestation risk in investment portfolios through nature-related data
This report outlines how deforestation, particularly in tropical forests, is a key driver of biodiversity loss and climate change. It presents the risks to institutional investors—physical, transition, and systemic—and offers a framework to assess deforestation exposure in portfolios using nature-related data and metrics across sectors and geographies..
Putting TNFD to work: Insights from early adopters
This report analyses how early adopters are implementing the TNFD framework, highlighting integration with climate disclosures, flexible use of the LEAP approach, and application of data tools. Insights show how businesses align nature-related risks with strategy and reporting, with regional uptake led by Asia Pacific and Europe.
How just transition can help deliver the Paris Agreement
This report outlines how embedding just transition principles in climate strategies supports equitable decarbonisation. It presents trends, case studies, and a UNDP framework guiding countries to integrate socio-economic considerations into their Nationally Determined Contributions and Long-Term Strategies, promoting inclusive, sustainable development in line with the Paris Agreement.
Ceres' food emissions 50 company benchmark
The Food Emissions 50 Company Benchmark evaluates major North American food companies on greenhouse gas emissions disclosures, reduction targets, and climate transition plans. It highlights progress in reporting scope 3 emissions and setting science-based targets, while identifying areas needing improvement, such as aligning growth strategies with emissions goals.
Financing Africa's low carbon green economy transition: Africa's climate finance needs
This report outlines how African states must spend at least US$2.5tn by 2030 to meet climate commitments. It shows that emission reduction makes up close to 80% of spending, with plans for adaptation to climate change costed at US$418 billion.
Climate risk and adaptation in global food
The report outlines rising climate risks to global food supply chains, projecting up to $38 trillion in damages by 2050. It explores mitigation and adaptation strategies across crops, livestock, and fisheries, and highlights investor actions to build resilience, support sustainable practices, and adapt to shifting market, environmental, and regulatory conditions.
Accountability Framework
The Accountability Framework guides financial institutions on how to establish policies for responsible lending and investment in the food, agribusiness, and forestry sectors. It also helps financial institutions to screen and engage their clients and portfolios to fulfil these policies. It also assists with assessing environmental and social risk and performance in investment portfolios, and supports company engagement.
Assessing nature-related issues of key value chain clients as a Brazilian Asset Manager
This case study details JGP's participation in piloting the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD) LEAP approach. The study focuses on assessing JGP's exposure to tropical deforestation through companies connected to the agriculture sector in its investment portfolio.
Innovative markets and market-like instruments for ecosystem services
This tool provides investors with a framework for evaluating and comparing different nature-based investment opportunities. It helps identify projects that offer the best combination of financial returns and environmental impact, supporting informed investment decisions.
The blended finance playbook for nature-based solutions
This playbook contains a collection of useful case studies for investors, highlighting growing evidence of investment opportunities in nature. The playbook also contains guidance for investors looking to grow their blended finance portfolio.
Conservation investment blueprint: Cocoa smallholder renovation and rehabilitation (R&R)
This blueprint provides a model for investing in the renovation and rehabilitation of smallholder cocoa farms. It highlights strategies for improving productivity and sustainability in cocoa farming, offering investors opportunities for impact investment with financial returns.
Environmental Finance's biodiversity insight series
This series explores the evolving role of biodiversity in sustainable finance, investment strategies, and regulatory developments. It examines biodiversity risk, natural capital investment, reporting frameworks, and financial instruments supporting conservation efforts. The series provides insights into emerging market mechanisms, data challenges, and the integration of biodiversity considerations into financial decision-making.
Channeling private finance into habitat banking schemes in England
This case study outlines the use of hybrid bonds to finance organic dairy farms. It provides investors with insights into sustainable agriculture investments that promote environmental stewardship and offer attractive financial returns.
Impact investment unlocking equity for scaling the use of agriculture by-products for sustainable livelihoods
This blueprint provides a model for using private finance to develop compensatory habitats through habitat banking. It demonstrates how investors can generate returns while contributing to biodiversity conservation and habitat restoration.
