Library | ESG issues
Agriculture, Forestry & Other Land Use
Land use for agriculture, forestry, and related activities plays a critical role in food security, biodiversity, and climate impact. As a major contributor to global emissions, land use faces challenges such as resource depletion, waste, and chemical overuse, which threaten ecosystems and long-term productivity. Sustainable practices are essential for maintaining soil health, ensuring food supply, preserving forests, and supporting farmers and rural communities. Effective land management can mitigate environmental and social risks while creating opportunities for innovation and long-term economic stability.
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Global literature review and survey of implementation constraints on natural climate solutions
Global review and project survey of natural climate solutions across 137 countries finds implementation is constrained mainly by social-behavioural, knowledge, and government or organisational barriers, especially weak policy coordination and implementation capacity. Without targeted enabling measures, near-term mitigation will remain below biophysical potential.
Climate-nature scenario development for financial risk assessment
This report develops integrated climate-nature scenarios for financial risk assessment, showing that combined climate and nature policies provide a fuller view of agricultural, biodiversity and ecosystem-service risks than separate approaches, with implications for central banks, supervisors and future stress-testing frameworks.
Regulating finance for biodiversity: An assessment for the global biodiversity framework
This report assesses how financial regulation in Indonesia, Brazil, China, the EU and the US aligns with Global Biodiversity Framework targets, finding biodiversity integration generally weak and recommending stronger disclosure, due diligence, taxonomies, sanctions and sector-specific rules to redirect finance away from forest-risk activities.
100 million farmers: Breakthrough models for financing a sustainability transition
Report proposes financing and collaboration models to accelerate adoption of regenerative agriculture. It identifies economic, technical and social barriers farmers face and outlines coordinated mechanisms—combining ecosystem-service monetisation, blended capital and multi-actor partnerships—to scale sustainable food production and support farmers’ transition.
Wageningen University & Research (WUR)
Wageningen University & Research (WUR) is a leading Dutch academic institution focused on sustainable food systems, climate change, biodiversity, agriculture and environmental science.
It combines university education with applied and fundamental research to address global challenges in nutrition, health, water and circular bioeconomy. WUR partners with industry and governments worldwide.
It combines university education with applied and fundamental research to address global challenges in nutrition, health, water and circular bioeconomy. WUR partners with industry and governments worldwide.
Forest Carbon and Climate Program (Michigan State University)
Forest Carbon and Climate Program (FCCP) at Michigan State University advances research, education and professional training on forest carbon, climate change and sustainable forest management.
FCCP delivers courses, events and applied insights supporting climate-smart forestry, carbon markets and land-use decision-making worldwide.
FCCP delivers courses, events and applied insights supporting climate-smart forestry, carbon markets and land-use decision-making worldwide.
We can’t ignore the largest source of methane
This article argues the global food system is the largest source of human-caused methane and deserves far more policy and funding attention. It maps key emission “hot spots”—ruminant livestock, food waste in landfills, biomass burning, and flooded rice fields—and outlines practical mitigation options from dietary shifts to landfill capture and improved rice management.
TuK Indonesia
Transformasi untuk Keadilan Indonesia (TuK INDONESIA) is an Indonesian non-governmental organisation based in Jakarta advocating human rights, social justice and environmental accountability in agribusiness, natural resources and finance sectors. It conducts research, campaigns and advocacy to promote sustainable finance, corporate accountability and protection of vulnerable communities.
State of finance for nature 2026: Nature in the red: Powering the trillion dollar nature transition economy
UNEP’s State of Finance for Nature 2026 finds global finance remains heavily skewed towards nature-negative activities. In 2023, US$7.3 trillion harmed nature versus US$220 billion for nature-based solutions. Meeting Rio Convention targets requires more than doubling nature investment by 2030.
Open Land Contracts Database
OpenLandContracts.org is an online, searchable repository of publicly available contracts and related documents for large-scale land, agriculture, forestry and renewable energy investments. It provides full texts and annotated summaries of key social, environmental, fiscal and operational terms to support analysis, comparison and transparency.
Restor
Restor.eco is an open-data geospatial platform that maps and analyses global nature restoration and biodiversity projects, offering environmental datasets, impact tracking, funding opportunities and reporting tools to support transparent ecosystem restoration and conservation efforts worldwide.
Restor
Restor is an open-access digital platform supporting ecosystem restoration and biodiversity monitoring worldwide. It integrates spatial data, science-based tools, and community networks to track restoration progress, assess ecological impact, and inform decision-making for practitioners, researchers, investors, and policymakers involved in nature and biodiversity outcomes across terrestrial and marine landscapes globally.
Tackling the insurance protection gap: Leveraging climate mitigation and nature to increase resilience
This white paper analyses how climate change and nature loss are widening insurance protection gaps in advanced economies. It outlines impacts on affordability and coverage, and recommends combining climate mitigation, nature-based solutions, and regulatory reforms to strengthen resilience and maintain insurability.
Swiss Data Cube
The Swiss Data Cube is a national platform providing consistent, long-term Earth observation data for Switzerland. It supports environmental monitoring, trend analysis, and evidence-based decision-making relevant to climate, land use, and natural resource management.
FIRMS Fire Information for Resource Management System
NASA’s Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS) provides global near-real-time satellite data on active fires and thermal anomalies, viewable via interactive maps, alerts and downloadable files. It uses MODIS and VIIRS instruments to detect fire locations and deliver data within hours for monitoring, analysis and decision-making.
Food systems investing in East Africa: The roles of funds in financing food systems transformation
This report analyses 23 impact funds investing in East African food systems, assessing their design, impact alignment, and financing roles. It identifies gaps, good practices, and recommendations to strengthen agroecological and regenerative food systems investing.
