Library | ESG issues

Climate Change

Climate change, driven by human-induced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, is increasing global temperatures and extreme weather events. Major GHGs like carbon dioxide and methane primarily come from burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and agriculture. Key sectors contributing to emissions include energy, industry, transport, buildings, and land use, making mitigation and adaptation essential for environmental and economic stability.

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Framing and language for effective climate conversations

Finance relevance: Broader finance community
Expert guide
11 June 2024
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Swiss Data Cube

University of Geneva
The Swiss Data Cube is a national platform providing consistent, long-term Earth observation data for Switzerland. It supports environmental monitoring, trend analysis, and evidence-based decision-making relevant to climate, land use, and natural resource management.
Online tool/database

Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Standards

Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC)
Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Standards provide open, internationally recognised specifications that enable interoperability of geospatial data, services, and applications. They support consistent data exchange across systems, improving integration, analysis, and decision-making for organisations using spatial information across public and private sectors.
Online tool/database

NASA Earthdata GIS

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
NASA Earthdata GIS Portal provides web-based access to geospatial datasets, maps, and analytical tools covering climate, land, oceans, and atmosphere. It enables users to visualise, analyse, and download Earth observation data, supporting risk assessment, environmental monitoring, and evidence-based decision-making for finance and sustainability analysis.
Online tool/database

NASA Earthdata VEDA Dashboard

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
The NASA Earthdata Dashboard is an interactive platform for discovering and exploring Earth observation datasets. It allows users to search, filter, and visualise data by theme and taxonomy, supporting analysis of climate, environmental, and geospatial information relevant to risk assessment and research.
Online tool/database

WMS Warning Map for Heavy Rain Hazards (WMS Hinweiskarte Starkregengefahren)

The Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (Bundesamt für Kartographie und Geodäsie)
WMS Hinweiskarte Starkregengefahren is a German national Web Map Service showing simulated heavy-rain hazard data, including maximum inundation depths, flow velocities and directions for extreme rainfall scenarios. It supports GIS integration and helps outline potential surface flood risk areas nationwide.
Online tool/database

KanataQ Ltd

Other
KanataQ Ltd provides climate and nature risk analytics for financial institutions, corporates and investors. It develops data-driven models, scenarios and tools to assess physical and transition risks, support regulatory reporting, and inform strategic decision-making across climate, ESG and sustainable finance, using forward-looking insights aligned with global climate frameworks and standards.
Organisation
1 research item

Paris Agreement Capital Transition Assessment

Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI)
PACTA for Banks is a free, open-source climate scenario analysis toolkit that enables banks to assess how well their corporate lending portfolios align with climate scenarios, using sector and asset-level data to inform lending strategy and climate target-setting.
Online tool/database

UBA: Climate change and tourism (UBA: Klimawandel und Toursimsu)

German Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt – UBA)
An interactive German Environment Agency (UBA) GIS tourism map showing climatic trends for key travel regions in Germany, including visualised climate data, tables and time series to support analysis of climate impacts on tourism. It aids environmental and regional planning by linking spatial data to tourism-related climate indicators
Online tool/database

GERICS: Climate Service Center Germany

Climate Service Center Germany (GERICS)
This tool provides climate impact fact sheets for German rural districts (Landkreise), developed by GERICS. It offers region-specific climate indicators, projections, and risks to support evidence-based decision-making, adaptation planning, and risk assessment relevant to public authorities and finance professionals.
Online tool/database

Climate Central: Coastal Risk Screening Tool

Climate Central
The Coastal Risk Screening Tool by Climate Central provides interactive maps and data showing current and future coastal flood exposure from sea-level rise and storm surge. It supports financial risk assessment, asset screening, and location-based climate impact analysis for coastal regions.
Online tool/database

WESR: Risk

United Nations Environment Programme
WESR: Risk is an analytical tool that examines systemic environmental and societal risks and their potential economic impacts. It provides structured insights into risk drivers, interconnections and long-term trends, supporting high-level risk identification and contextual analysis for finance and investment decision-making.
Online tool/database

Climate Interactive

Issue Focused NGOs & Think Tanks
Climate Interactive creates and shares scientifically grounded climate simulators and interactive tools that help users explore climate solutions, energy policy impacts and systems thinking. It supports workshops, role-playing games and training to inform effective, equitable climate action worldwide, with tools like En-ROADS and C-ROADS widely used by educators and policymakers.
Organisation
1 research item

Climate Central

Issue Focused NGOs & Think Tanks
Climate Central is an independent, non-profit organisation that researches and communicates climate science. It produces data-driven analysis, visual tools, and reports on climate change, sea-level rise, and extreme weather. Climate Central supports journalists, decision-makers, and the public with accessible, evidence-based climate information for global risk assessment and climate literacy initiatives.
Organisation
1 research item

Climate fiduciaries: part I – the climate prisoner’s dilemma

This article explores how climate change is reshaping fiduciary duty for pension funds, through court cases, legal analysis, and the concept of systemic risk. It introduces the “climate prisoner’s dilemma,” arguing that climate-aware investment may be shifting from discretionary to obligatory for long-term fiduciaries.
Article
21 January 2026

GIS-ImmoRisk Natural Hazard (GIS-ImmoRisk Naturgefahren)

Federal Office for Building and Regional Planning (Bundesamt für Bauwesen und Raumordnung)
GIS-ImmoRisk Naturgefahren is a German web-based GIS tool for assessing natural hazard exposure and property-specific risk from events such as floods, storms, heat and earthquakes. It combines location-based hazard data with building characteristics to inform risk analysis and investment decisions for real estate professionals.
Online tool/database

WESR: Mountain

United Nations Environment Programme
WESR: Mountains on MapX is a geospatial tool that maps environmental and socio-economic indicators across mountain regions. It supports spatial analysis of climate, biodiversity and livelihoods, enabling evidence-based assessment of risks, resilience and sustainable development priorities in mountain ecosystems.
Online tool/database
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