Library | ESG issues
Energy Solutions & Decarbonisation
Energy solutions and decarbonisation refer to strategies and technologies that reduce carbon emissions while ensuring reliable and sustainable energy supply. This includes renewable energy sources like wind, solar, and hydropower, energy efficiency measures, electrification, carbon capture, and clean energy innovations. Decarbonisation is essential for mitigating climate change, enhancing energy security, and transitioning industries toward low-carbon operations.
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Beyond energy infrastructure: A flexibility-first approach cuts costs and boosts security
This report argues that power system flexibility is core infrastructure essential for energy security and affordability. It demonstrates how quantifying flexibility can reduce costs, citing potential annual savings of £9.6–£16.7 billion in Great Britain by 2050. Policymakers are encouraged to prioritise flexibility-first design over traditional infrastructure-heavy build-out.
Stewarding a just transition: Frontiers of practice in listed equities
This report analyses just transition practices among 25 investment managers in listed equities. While policy recognition is high, active engagement remains a low priority concentrated in energy and mining. The research identifies barriers such as geopolitical headwinds and provides recommendations for investors, governments, and regulators to mainstream practice.
AI-driven productivity gains enable more CO₂ emissions than they avoid in a global energy–economy model
Research using a global energy-economy model indicates that AI-driven productivity gains increase net annual CO2 emissions by 0.47–1.8 gigatonnes under parallel adoption. Enabled emissions from fossil sectors consistently exceed avoided emissions from renewables. Achieving net reductions requires renewable productivity gains to be four to five times greater than fossil gains.
Clean investment monitor: US update series
The Clean Investment Monitor: US Update is a benchmark series providing a comprehensive database of clean energy and transportation investment across the United States. Produced by Rhodium Group and MIT-CEEPR, it tracks the manufacture and deployment of greenhouse gas emission-reducing technologies across manufacturing, energy and industry, and retail segments.
Beyond commitments: Assessing real capital deployment for net zero across 26 high-emitting companies, against the IGCC Capital Allocation Alignment Framework
This research assesses capital allocation alignment with net-zero commitments across 26 high-emitting companies using the IGCC Framework. It finds that while climate strategies are strong, capital sourcing and fossil fuel phase-down plans lag. European companies lead in performance, while the Americas and oil and gas sectors trail significantly.
Worlds apart: Contrasting US-China approaches to scaling clean technology manufacturing
Global clean technology manufacturing investment has declined significantly, led by pullbacks in China and the United States. While China addresses overcapacity, US investment reversed following the One Big Beautiful Bill Act. This report explores the diverging drivers, policy shifts, and future competitive landscape for both nations.
Climate Pathways Project Simulation Tools
A suite of interactive climate policy simulators, including En-ROADS, developed by MIT Sloan and Climate Interactive. These tools help leaders and finance professionals model the impacts of carbon pricing, electrification, and energy efficiency on global warming in real-time.
2026 Sustainable investment trends
This report analyses sustainable investment trends for 2026, examining physical climate risk, the energy transition, and Asia’s leadership. It addresses the influence of artificial intelligence on power demand and emission targets, alongside structural challenges in the health care and food production sectors, highlighting resilience and adaptation as key priorities.
Financing the energy transition: A credit perspective on India’s power sector
This report examines India’s power sector transition from a credit perspective. It highlights the structural divergence between renewable and thermal assets, identifies bottlenecks in domestic debt markets, and recommends strategies to unlock large-scale financing, including the pivotal role of NTPC and the need for deeper institutional investor participation.
Redirecting sovereign capital to accelerate Indonesia’s energy transition
This report examines Indonesia’s sovereign wealth fund, Danantara, and its role in the energy transition. It highlights the fiscal risks of subsidy-dependent energy SOEs and recommends a strategic shift towards renewables. Drawing on global SWF experiences, it advocates for portfolio diversification to ensure long-term profitability and national energy security.
Raw power: China locks-in global dominance of critical minerals and metals with $120bn outbound investment surge
This report details China's structural "Going Global" strategy, tracking over US$120 billion in outbound investment since 2023 to secure critical mineral supply chains. It examines China's refining dominance and provides strategic recommendations for Australian policymakers to build domestic value-adding capacity in the zero-emissions economy.
Interactive data tool on Middle East energy reliance
Developed by the International Energy Agency, this interactive tool tracks global energy market impacts stemming from Middle East conflicts. It monitors commodity shipping flows, policy responses, and supply disruptions.
Transition Plan Taskforce Resources
A suite of guidance materials, including the TPT Disclosure Framework and sector-specific guides, designed to help organisations create and disclose robust climate transition plans in alignment with IFRS S2.
Investing in tomorrow: The electrification opportunity
New Zealand households and businesses could save $10.7 billion annually by 2040 through electrification. This report details how replacing fossil fuel appliances and vehicles with electric alternatives, supported by solar and batteries, reduces total energy use by 70% and provides cumulative national savings of $95 billion while substantially cutting emissions.
Hot summer economics: Economic effects of the hot European summer of 2026
This report examines the economic impact of the 2026 European heatwave, estimating a 1% reduction in EU-wide GDP. It details effects on labour productivity, agriculture, and energy sectors while warning of a 'doom loop' where climate damage leads to the weakening of environmental policies to protect short-term growth.
Smarter, leaner, cleaner: Direct reduced iron and the future of American steel
Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) is the most cost-effective new-build investment for the American steel sector. This analysis confirms that natural-gas-based DRI meets investment hurdles across all regions, offering a 15% real return and significant emissions reductions while providing flexibility for future hydrogen integration.
