Library | ESG issues

Environmental

The environmental pillar in ESG (environmental, social, and governance) assesses an organisation’s impact on the planet. It includes issues such as climate change, biodiversity, waste management and water management. Strong environmental practices help businesses reduce risks, comply with regulations, and drive long-term sustainability.

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Kroll

Commercial Research Providers
Kroll is a global financial and risk advisory firm offering services in valuation, investigations, cyber-resilience, regulatory compliance, transaction advisory, restructuring and business services.
With around 6,500 experts across 32 countries, Kroll helps clients build, protect and maximise enterprise value through data, technology and intelligence.
Organisation
1 research item

IMPACT2C web-atlas

IMPACT2C Project Consortium
The IMPACT2C web‑atlas is an interactive, open‑access platform that visualises the projected impacts of a +2 °C global warming across Europe and key vulnerable regions. It presents harmonised, model‑based findings—via maps, texts, and storylines—across sectors such as climate, water, energy, health, agriculture and coasts.
Online tool/database

MSCI ESG ratings in global equity markets: A long-term performance review

MSCI Inc.
This MSCI report reviews the long-term performance of ESG ratings in global and developed equity markets. It finds that higher-rated companies outperformed peers, driven by stronger earnings growth and dividend yields rather than valuation effects. MSCI ESG indexes also generally outperformed their benchmarks across regions and during crises.
Research
16 April 2024

Externalities and the common owner

This article analyses institutional investors’ incentives to internalise negative externalities across their portfolios. It focuses on climate change, showing how large asset managers influence fossil fuel companies to reduce emissions, disclose risks, and limit lobbying, reframing shareholder primacy by prioritising portfolio-wide welfare over firm-level profit maximisation.
Research
20 November 2021

Aotearoa New Zealand climate standards series

External Reporting Board (XRB)
The Aotearoa New Zealand Climate Standards series is a benchmark series issued by the External Reporting Board. It sets out the framework for climate-related disclosures, including governance, strategy, risk management, metrics and targets, adoption provisions, and general requirements. The series provides entities with a consistent structure to report climate-related risks and opportunities.
Benchmark/series

External Reporting Board (XRB)

Government Organisations & Departments
External Reporting Board (XRB) is an independent Crown entity in New Zealand that develops and issues accounting, auditing & assurance, and climate reporting standards. XRB ensures trusted, high-quality, integrated reporting across public, private and not-for-profit sectors to promote transparency, accountability and support informed decision-making.
Organisation
1 research item

Chemsec's Sin Producers

ChemSec
The SIN Producers tool identifies companies producing hazardous chemicals, helping finance professionals assess risks in their portfolios. The tool provides concise, structured information for making informed investment decisions, focusing on sustainability and regulatory compliance.
Research

Just transition, environment and social considerations for the aviation fuel transition: An investor guide

Climate Catalyst
This guide outlines environmental, social, and just transition considerations for investors in aviation’s fuel shift. It compares biofuels and e-fuels, highlights regulatory and biodiversity risks, and provides engagement questions to assess companies’ transition strategies, ensuring alignment with climate goals while safeguarding communities and long-term financial stability.
Research
2 September 2025

Opportunity Green

Finance / Corporate Focused NGOs & Think Tanks
Opportunity Green (OG) is a UK-based charity founded in 2021 that harnesses legal, economic and policy expertise to drive climate justice. OG focuses on equity, justice and accountability across overlooked sectors—aviation, shipping, buildings, steel, agriculture—championing decarbonisation, legal innovation and coalition-building for a 1.5 °C-aligned future.
Organisation
1 research item

CEDIM Risk Explorer Germany

GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences
The CEDIM Risk Explorer Germany is a public, web‑based map viewer that enables interactive visualisation of hazard, vulnerability and risk across Germany—covering phenomena such as earthquakes, winter storms and (in Saxony) floods—for spatial risk assessment and expected monetary loss estimation.
Online tool/database

GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences

Scientific Bodies
GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences (GFZ) is Germany’s national Earth system research centre. It investigates solid‑Earth processes—including geology, geophysics, geodesy and geochemistry—and operates global observatories, satellite missions and analytical infrastructure. GFZ advances understanding of natural hazards, climate impact and resource management to support sustainable solutions.
Organisation
1 research item

Center for disaster management and risk reduction technology

Academic Institutions
Center for Disaster Management and Risk Reduction Technology (CEDIM) is an interdisciplinary research centre at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, enhancing disaster resilience. Focusing on natural and human-made hazards—such as earthquakes, droughts, heatwaves and floods—it develops early warning systems, risk mapping and forensic disaster analysis. Ideal for innovators in disaster risk science.
Organisation
1 research item

Water footprint assessment tool

Water footprint network
The Water Footprint Assessment Tool is a free online application that enables businesses, governments, investors, NGOs and researchers to calculate and map green, blue and grey water footprints, assess sustainability, efficiency and equitable water use, and identify strategic actions to improve water management.
Online tool/database

Water footprint implementation

Commercial Research Providers
Water Footprint Implementation supports companies and governments with water accounting, sustainability assessment and water-footprint compensation. A spin-off of Water Footprint Network research, it delivers actionable insights for ESG reporting, water stewardship, water-footprint benchmarking and tailored reduction strategies to enhance resilience, reduce risk and foster sustainable water management.
Organisation
1 research item

Water footprint network

Issue Focused NGOs & Think Tanks
Water Footprint Network is a non-profit, global collaboration platform advancing fair and smart freshwater use. It champions science-based water footprint assessment, offers open-access tools and data for businesses, governments and communities, and guides sustainable, equitable water governance to address water scarcity and pollution worldwide.
Organisation
1 research item

NASA world viewer

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
NASA’s Worldview is a web‑based visualisation tool offering interactive browsing, animation and download of over 1000 global satellite imagery layers, many available within three hours of observation. It supports time‑critical and historical analysis of natural hazards, climate phenomena and environmental change.
Online tool/database
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