The OECD Climate Action Dashboard is an interactive tool showing key indicators of national climate action and progress towards objectives such as net-zero greenhouse gas emissions. It provides comparable, country-level data to track climate mitigation, emissions trends and policy responses.

The article interprets Copernicus’s Global Climate Highlights 2025 as a shift from episodic extremes to a structurally warmer, more volatile baseline. It argues that persistent temperature exceedances, ocean heat, cryosphere decline, and overlapping hazards demand a move from climate risk awareness to disciplined adaptation and continuity planning.

INFORM Climate Change Tool visualises climate-change risk projections, letting users explore future risk, hazard & exposure variables, vulnerability gaps and population changes under different scenarios and time points. It supports analysis of climate impacts on humanitarian and disaster risk via scenario comparison and country profiles.

Climate Mapping for Resilience and Adaptation (CMRA) is a portal that helps users assess local exposure to climate-related hazards using federal data, enabling analysis of past, present and projected climate conditions to support risk assessments and resilience planning.

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is a US government science agency focused on understanding and predicting changes in climate, weather, oceans and coasts. It provides environmental data, severe weather forecasting, climate monitoring and marine ecosystem management to support public safety, commerce and research.

Inevitable Policy Response (IPR) on ipr.transitionmonitor.com is a climate policy data and forecast platform that tracks global policy developments, scenarios and variables to help investors assess climate transition risk and alignment of portfolios with likely policy outcomes. It is supported by PRI and research partners.

Inevitable Policy Response (IPR) Transition Monitor is an online climate policy data platform tracking expected government climate actions by country and sector. It helps investors assess transition risk, forecast policy impacts and align portfolios with likely policy pathways to net-zero, based on expert forecasts and quarterly updates.

The IPCC AR5 Scenario Database, hosted by IIASA, provides access to long-term emissions and mitigation scenarios assessed in Working Group III’s Fifth Assessment Report. It enables users to explore modelled pathways on climate change, energy systems and greenhouse gas emissions, supporting analysis of transition risks and policy-relevant climate outcomes.

Climate Impact Lab uses historical climate and socioeconomic data with evidence-based, data-driven analysis to quantify climate change impacts and economic costs at local and sector levels, informing policymakers, investors and business decisions, including an empirically-derived estimate of the social cost of carbon.

ImpactLab is a research organisation quantifying real-world climate change impacts using evidence-based, data-driven climate science and socioeconomic analysis. It provides hyperlocal climate risk data, estimates social cost of carbon, and informs policymakers, investors and businesses to support climate risk assessment, adaptation planning and sustainable decision-making.

Carbon Tracker’s Reports page hosts research analysing how supply, demand and climate policy affect fossil-fuel exposed companies and markets. It provides scenario analysis, methodological frameworks and sector-specific insights for investors and policymakers on climate-related financial risk and the energy transition.

Aqueduct Floods is an interactive tool by WRI that maps current and projected riverine and coastal flood risk globally. It enables users to assess exposure, urban damage, and economic impacts under different climate scenarios, supporting risk analysis, resilience planning, and investment decision-making at country and sub-national levels.

This article presents the Three Horizons of Decarbonisation framework, helping companies distinguish between short-term efficiency measures, operational transformation, and fundamental business model shifts. It explains how clear horizon identification improves capital allocation, stakeholder engagement, and the likelihood that net zero plans translate into meaningful action.

This commentary assesses risks of a self-reinforcing “hothouse Earth” trajectory driven by accelerating warming, feedback loops and tipping points. It reviews evidence on climate sensitivity, overshoot scenarios and cascading tipping elements, warning that current emissions pathways heighten irreversible risks and require urgent mitigation and precautionary governance.

Phase 2A of the Hong Kong Taxonomy for Sustainable Finance sets out detailed criteria for classifying environmentally sustainable activities, aligned with international taxonomies. It covers additional sectors, technical screening thresholds, and transition activities, aiming to enhance transparency, comparability and capital allocation towards climate mitigation and adaptation in Hong Kong.

This paper estimates that global temperature increases have far larger macroeconomic damages than local measures suggest. Using time-series evidence and a neoclassical growth model, it finds a 1°C rise reduces world GDP by over 20% long term, implying substantial welfare losses and a high social cost of carbon.

The IPBES Business and Biodiversity assessment evaluates how businesses depend on and impact biodiversity and nature’s contributions to people, reviews measurement approaches, and outlines options for action to manage risks and align business practices with biodiversity outcomes, supporting Target 15 of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.