World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) is an international initiative advancing climate science and Earth system understanding. It coordinates global research on climate variability, change, extremes and predictability, producing authoritative reports, data and science events that inform policy, risk assessment and climate-resilient decision-making worldwide across sectors and regions for society globally.

This benchmark series provides concise annual assessments of the global climate, using consistent scientific indicators to monitor environmental conditions, human pressures, and system responses. It is designed to support structured analysis and comparison over time for researchers, policymakers, and finance and sustainability professionals.

The Peoples’ Climate Vote is a global survey series capturing public perspectives on climate change, policy priorities and collective action. Led by international institutions, it provides a consistent framework to understand how people experience climate impacts and how they expect governments, businesses and global actors to respond.

The Banking on Climate Chaos is a multi-year research series assessing how major global banks finance fossil fuel activities. It provides a consistent framework to review lending and underwriting linked to fossil fuels and expansion, supporting year-on-year comparison and broader analysis of banking practices.

The Endowment Impact Benchmark is a benchmark series that provides a structured assessment and benchmarking framework for endowments and foundations. It evaluates policies, governance, management and transparency related to sustainable and impact investing, enabling consistent comparison and ongoing progress tracking across participating institutions.

The COP Net Zero Atlas is an annual research series examining transition and physical climate risks across major economies. It provides a structured framework to assess national climate commitments, policy pathways and exposure to climate hazards, supporting comparative analysis for investors and policymakers.

The State of the Global Climate is an annual benchmark series produced by the World Meteorological Organization that synthesises authoritative observations across the climate system, including the atmosphere, oceans and cryosphere, to provide a consistent, comparable evidence base for global climate monitoring, policy analysis and long-term assessment.

The State and Trends of Carbon Pricing series provides an annual, global overview of carbon pricing policies and carbon markets. It reviews the development and structure of carbon taxes, emissions trading systems, and crediting mechanisms to support policy, regulatory, and market analysis.

Two preregistered online experiments (N≈1,550) show that framing climate actions as “do more good” increases self-reported action likelihood and anticipated happiness compared with “do less bad”, with effects varying by specific action.

This series presents APRA’s Climate Risk Self-Assessment Surveys, which review how APRA-regulated entities approach governance, risk management, metrics, targets and disclosure of climate-related financial risks. It provides a consistent, periodic view of industry practices and alignment with prudential guidance over time.

Banking on Climate Chaos Coalition (BOCC) exposes global banks’ financing of fossil fuel projects and tracks lending and underwriting by the world’s largest banks to coal, oil and gas companies. Its annual Banking on Climate Chaos reports highlight fossil fuel finance data, frontline community impacts and drive climate accountability in banking.

World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is a United Nations specialised agency coordinating global cooperation on weather, climate, hydrology and related environmental services. WMO sets international standards, publishes authoritative climate and weather reports, supports early warning systems, and strengthens climate resilience, risk management and scientific data sharing worldwide, across governments and communities.

This article explores the fiduciary duty of even-handedness and its implications for climate-aware pension fund investing, focusing on emerging legal challenges in Australia and Canada. It argues that unmanaged climate risk may breach trustees’ obligations to act equitably across generations, particularly where younger members bear disproportionate long-term harm.

This article introduces systems thinking and explains how it is reshaping sustainable and impact finance by addressing interconnected systemic risks like climate change and inequality. It outlines four emerging applications; from systemic risk management to systems-informed stewardship, highlighting the implications for investors’ roles, tools, and decision-making.

This is a series of legal and governance primers examining directors’ duties and corporate disclosure obligations in relation to climate and sustainability risks. It provides jurisdictional analysis and practical guidance to support board oversight, risk management and reporting as regulatory and market expectations evolve.

This UK national security assessment finds global biodiversity loss and ecosystem collapse pose high risks to food security, economic stability and geopolitics. Degradation is widespread, with potential ecosystem collapse from 2030–2050, intensifying migration, conflict, supply chain disruption and strategic competition without decisive intervention.