Library | ESG issues

Law, Regulation & Compliance

The evolving legal and regulatory landscape financial organisations regarding Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) considerations comprises both voluntary frameworks and mandatory regulations. Voluntary initiatives, such as the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD), provide guidelines for companies to disclose climate-related financial risks and opportunities. In contrast, mandatory regulations like the European Union’s Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation (SFDR) require financial market participants to disclose how they integrate ESG factors into their investment decisions.

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The state of AI governance in Australia

University of Technology Sydney
This report reveals that Australian organisations lack structured governance around AI systems. Corporate leaders should invest in expertise, create a comprehensive AI strategy, implement addressing risks and support a human-centered culture. The appropriate governance of AI systems is critical for corporate leaders to mitigate risks.
Research
31 May 2023

The Japanese society for artificial intelligence ethical guidelines

Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence (JSAI)
The Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence has released ethical guidelines that aims to protect basic human rights and promote the peace, welfare, and public interest of humanity. The eight guidelines include: contributing to humanity, abiding by laws and regulations, respecting others' privacy, being fair, maintaining security, acting with integrity, being accountable and socially responsible, and communicating with society and self-development.
Research
3 May 2017

The impact of digital technology on human rights in Europe and Central Asia

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
This report examines the impact of digital technology and artificial intelligence on human rights in Europe and Central Asia, with a particular focus on the use of data protection and legislative frameworks. It provides an overview of the relevant international and regional initiatives, and analyses the applicable legal, regulatory, and institutional frameworks.
Research
17 February 2023

The global governance of artificial intelligence: Next steps for empirical and normative research

This analytical essay outlines an agenda for research into the global governance of artificial intelligence (AI). It distinguishes between empirical research, aimed at mapping and explaining global AI governance, and normative research, aimed at developing and applying standards for appropriate global AI governance.
Research
4 September 2023

Statement on artificial intelligence, robotics and 'autonomous' systems

European Commission
This statement from the European Group on Ethics in Science and New Technologies emphasises the need for a shared international ethical and legal framework for the design and governance of artificial intelligence, robotics, and 'autonomous' systems. It also proposes ethical principles based on EU values to guide the framework's development.
Research
9 March 2018

Safety by design: Model clauses for due diligence arrangements and funding agreements

eSafety Commissioner
This document provides model clauses for due diligence arrangements and funding agreements related to eSafety for startups. It includes pre-conditions for funding agreements, covering policies, staffing, training, and external communication. Additionally, the document urges startups to complete the eSafety assessment tool and implement safety by design measures.
Research
18 January 2021

Investors' expectations on responsible artificial intelligence and data governance

Federated Hermes
This report outlines responsible AI and data governance principles and engagement framework for investors across multiple sectors. The six core principles aim to enhance machine learning, auditability, explainability, and transparency, while taking into account legal, regulatory, ethical, and reputational risks.
Research
25 April 2019

Generative artificial intelligence in finance: Risk considerations

International Monetary Fund
Generative AI is a subset of AI/ML that creates new content. It offers enhancements to efficiency and customer experience, as well as advantages to risk management and compliance reporting. However, the deployment of GenAI in the financial sector requires the industry to recognise and mitigate the technology's risks comprehensively; financial institutions must strengthen their cybersecurity and regulatory oversight capacities.
Research
22 August 2023

Engaging the ICT sector on human rights: Political participation

Investor Alliance for Human Rights
This ICT sector-wide risk assessment examines potential impacts on the salient human rights issue of political participation. It presents international standards, discusses the use of ICT in politics, and offers human rights guidance for businesses to follow. Additionally, the report highlights risks and offers stakeholder-engagement suggestions and investor efforts to mitigate negative impacts.
Research
1 April 2020

Engaging the ICT sector on human rights: Child rights

Investor Alliance for Human Rights
This briefing explores the risks and opportunities Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) companies face in relation to children's rights. It highlights the importance of adhering to international standards and implementing internal policies and practices that prioritise the most severe impacts on children. Investors are encouraged to hold companies accountable.
Research
27 May 2022

Dutch pension funds agreement on responsible investment

The Dutch Pension Funds Agreement on Responsible Investment outlines the policies and procedures needed for pension funds to prevent, mitigate, and remediate against negative social and environmental consequences of investments. The agreement promotes long-term shareholder engagement and encourages due diligence in outsourcing, reporting, and transparency.
Research
18 December 2018

Beyond explainability: A practical guide to managing risk in machine learning models

Future of Privacy Forum (FPF)
This report offers a comprehensive guide for effectively managing risk in machine learning models. It presents a framework that enables data science and compliance teams to create better, more accurate, and more compliant models. The report stresses the importance of understanding the data used by models and implementing three lines of defence to assess and ensure their safety.
Research
22 June 2018

Addressing harmful online content: A perspective from broadcasting and on-demand standards regulation

Office of Communications (Ofcom)
This discussion paper presents broadcasting and on-demand standards regulation as a model to address harmful online content. It calls for transparency in platform moderation, a flexible approach to regulation in an environment of free expression, and harmonisation of a regulatory approach for globally accessible content.
Research
18 September 2018

AI act: Laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence and amending certain union legislative acts

European Commission
The EU Commission has published a regulation that establishes harmonized rules on artificial intelligence (AI) while amending certain union laws. Stakeholders mostly agree on the need for action in the field of AI, but warn the Commission to avoid duplication and overregulation. The regulation will require an appropriate level of human and financial resources.
Research
22 April 2021

Stand.earth

Issue Focused NGOs & Think Tanks
Stand.earth is a non-profit environmental organisation dedicated to challenging corporate and governmental practices that harm the environment. With a focus on sustainability and climate change, Stand.earth advocates for responsible policies and holds powerful entities accountable. Explore impactful initiatives for a greener future and get involved in environmental advocacy.
Organisation
3 research items

ClientEarth

Issue Focused NGOs & Think Tanks
ClientEarth is a non-profit environmental law organisation committed to protecting the planet's health. Visit our website for legal expertise, impactful litigation, and policy advocacy. Discover how we use the power of the law to drive positive environmental change, ensuring a sustainable future for all.
Organisation
1 research item
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