Library | ESG issues

Reporting & Disclosures

Reporting and disclosures provide transparency on a company’s financial performance, strategy, and sustainability practices. Clear, reliable disclosures improve stakeholder trust, inform investment decisions, and drive corporate accountability.

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The high-integrity sustainable aviation fuels handbook

Environmental Defense Fund
The handbook provides introduction to sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) and guidance for the development and deployment SAF. It emphasises the need for robust sustainability criteria, transparent accounting systems and a life-cycle assessment approach to ensure significant emissions reductions compared to conventional jet fuel. It also offers policy recommendations to support the growth of SAF in the aviation industry.
Research
22 August 2022

Ernst & Young (EY)

Commercial Research Providers
Ernst & Young (EY) is a global professional services organisation offering audit, tax, transaction, and advisory services. EY helps businesses navigate complex challenges, improve performance, and manage risk. Their expertise includes digital transformation, sustainability, and strategic growth.
Organisation
2 research items

State of nature-related disclosures: Assessing TNFD alignment of nature-related disclosures by firms in high-risk sectors

First Sentier Investors
The report evaluates the alignment of firms' nature-related disclosures with the TNFD framework. It covers eight priority sectors, highlighting disclosure gaps and providing recommendations for improvement to ensure comprehensive, high-quality nature-related reporting.
Research
9 July 2024

Sustainable finance roadmap 2024

Australian Government
The Australian Government's 2024 Sustainable Finance Roadmap outlines a plan to mobilise private capital towards achieving net-zero emissions. It focuses on improving transparency in climate and sustainability reporting, enhancing financial system capabilities, and demonstrating government leadership. Key initiatives include mandatory climate-related financial disclosures, developing a sustainable finance taxonomy, and issuing sovereign green bonds.
Research
18 June 2024

Sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) sustainability guide for corporate buyers

Transport and Environment
This guide assists corporate buyers in purchasing sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) to reduce their environmental impact. It covers key considerations such as feedstocks, origin, price, emissions calculations, certification, and availability. The guide also highlights different purchasing schemes and best practices for selecting and investing in SAF to ensure genuine sustainability benefits.
Research
1 October 2023

Transparency in supply chains etc: A practical guide

UK Government
This report provides updated guidance on compliance with the Modern Slavery Act 2015. It outlines requirements for businesses to produce annual statements detailing steps to prevent modern slavery in their operations and supply chains. The guide includes advice on statement structure, approval, publication, and responses to modern slavery incidents.
Research
13 December 2024

Investors, ESG and Human rights

United Nations (UN)
This report by the UN Working Group examines how investors use ESG and sustainability approaches globally, highlighting the need for regulatory standards and integration of human rights. It provides key findings and recommendations for states, investors, and other stakeholders to align practices with the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights.
Research
26 June 2024

Unleashing the potential of Islamic Finance: Global perspectives on achieving the SDGs with Islamic finance tools and concepts

International Federation of Accountants (IFAC)
This report summarises discussions from a roundtable on Islamic finance’s potential to advance the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It explores the alignment of Islamic finance principles with the SDGs, highlighting the need for regulatory clarity, technical capacity building, and incentives to strengthen Islamic finance markets.
Research
7 June 2024

Net Zero Investment Framework 2.0

Asia Investor Group on Climate Change (AIGCC)
The Net Zero Investment Framework (NZIF) 2.0, updated in June 2024, provides guidelines for investors to align their portfolios with the Paris Agreement goals. It includes detailed methodologies for various asset classes, governance, strategic asset allocation, and policy advocacy, focusing on achieving real economy emissions reductions through independent fiduciary decisions.
Research
22 June 2024

How corporate climate change mitigation actions affect the cost of capital

This study explores how corporate climate change mitigation actions influence the cost of capital for Japanese firms from 2017-2021. It finds that higher carbon intensity increases the cost of equity, debt, and overall capital. Climate-related disclosures lower the cost of equity and overall capital, despite raising debt costs.
Research
20 May 2024

An introduction to responsible investment: Human rights for asset owners

Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI)
This guide by PRI summarises human rights relevance for asset owners, offering strategies for policy, governance, stewardship, and disclosure. It includes case studies, international standards, and practical resources to promote human rights in the financial system.
Research
8 January 2024

Key performance indicators of responsible corporate tax conduct – and their green and red flags

Fair Tax Foundation
The report outlines key performance indicators (KPIs) for responsible corporate tax conduct, highlighting green and red flags. Key aspects include transparent financial statements, robust tax commitments, public Country-by-Country disclosures, disclosure of uncertain tax positions, and consistent corporate cash taxes paid over five years. It aims to guide investors in assessing tax conduct.
Research
22 February 2024

Making things (that don’t exist) count: A study of Scope 4 emissions accounting claims

This report investigates the implications of 'Scope 4' emissions accounting claims, which refers to greenhouse gas emission reductions or removals due to a decision or action. This study suggests that extant Scope 4 assessments do not fit the established framework for scope-based emissions accounting, and calls for cautious claims of this nature and the need for more research.
Research
28 March 2024

Tackling child labor: A guide for financial institutions

Shift
This guide offers banks and financial institutions a framework to address child labour within their clients' operations and value chains. It emphasises enhancing due diligence, improving client engagement, and participating in multi-stakeholder initiatives to mitigate child labour risks.
Research
16 April 2024

Public to private divestment in Asia: trends and best practice

Anthropocene Fixed Income Institute
The database of Asian mergers and acquisitions (M&As) in high-emission sectors reveals a steady, not increasing, trend from 2020 to April 2024. This shift of high-emission assets from public to private ownership, totalling USD 5-9 billion annually, raises concerns about reduced transparency and accountability in emissions reporting. While not accelerating, this trend has negative implications for investor stewardship and emissions disclosure.
Research
21 May 2024

Big oil reality check: Aligned in failure

Oil Change International
Big oil and gas companies’ climate pledges lack ambition and integrity, resulting in continued exploration and extraction. They fail to align with the Paris Agreement, relying on misleading accounting and greenwashing. Immediate action from governments and investors is essential to catalyse a socially just and equitable phase-out of fossil fuels.
Research
21 May 2024
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