This research investigates bank executive compensation since the Great Financial Crisis. It finds that longer deferral horizons successfully reduce risk-taking and encourage prudent capital management. However, evidence regarding variable pay caps is inconclusive. Case studies from 2023 failures highlight governance shortcomings in risk-adjusting performance metrics and compensation schemes.

This report examines how rigid power purchase agreements for coal power in India, Indonesia, and Pakistan create unsustainable debt and delay the energy transition. It highlights how these contracts lock in expensive, polluting energy and proposes policy solutions including payouts, technology swaps, renegotiation, and litigation.

This research examines how investor patience influences venture capital strategies and startup outcomes. Using a 2014 Chinese reform and a survey experiment, it demonstrates that longer-horizon investors, such as insurers, lead funds to adopt longer holding periods and earlier-stage investments, significantly improving portfolio innovation and successful exit rates.

This research explores scaling parametric insurance to enhance municipal climate resilience in emerging markets. It identifies key barriers to uptake, maps the existing support ecosystem, and proposes three priority actions to improve the financial viability and affordability of insurance solutions for subnational governments worldwide.

This report quantifies the economic burden of climate-fuelled bushfires in Australia, projecting an average annual cost of $6 billion. It examines how climate change intensifies fire weather and provides recommendations for federal investment in preparedness, community resilience, and the rapid reduction of coal, oil, and gas pollution.

This report examines the macroeconomic consequences of global supply chain chokepoint disruptions. It finds that rising geopolitical tensions threaten critical nodes, causing significant output losses and price pressures. While substitution and inventories mitigate impacts, policy responses must consider a disruption's centrality and the private sector's capacity to adjust.

This research assesses global building energy efficiency, identifying vulnerable populations living in aged or poorly shaped structures. It reveals that 48 million people are currently at risk, with vulnerability likely shifting towards heat-prone regions by 2100. Disparities in building codes and income levels significantly affect global climate adaptation efforts.

This report examines findings from a survey of 32 global banks on climate-related credit risk assessment. It highlights progress in probability of default modelling and widespread adoption of NGFS scenarios, while identifying persistent challenges in data reliability, technical expertise, and the quantification of financial impacts on capital requirements.

Senior UK food executives warn that environmental degradation and climate change pose significant financial risks to supply chains. Current industry focus on short-term growth masks structural vulnerabilities. Investors are urged to challenge board capabilities and demand long-term resilience strategies to secure future profitability and food security.

This research review examines how climate change and extreme weather increase morbidity across major organ systems. It highlights how rising temperatures and humidity compromise pharmaceutical stability and efficacy, particularly for vulnerable populations. The report calls for updated clinical guidelines and climate-resilient pharmaceutical regulations to safeguard public health.

This report outlines a multi-stakeholder framework to accelerate funding for a sustainable ocean economy. It provides specific recommendations for financial institutions, insurers, and governments to manage systemic risks and mobilise the estimated one trillion dollars in additional finance required by 2030 to meet global climate and biodiversity targets.

This guidance for New Zealand climate reporting entities details a five-phase framework to identify and assess climate-related risks and opportunities. It provides a structured approach for moving from qualitative impact assessment to the quantification of financial impacts, supporting compliance with climate standards and strengthening strategic resilience.

The Corruption Perceptions Index is a global benchmark series assessing perceived public sector corruption levels across 182 countries and territories. Produced by Transparency International, the index draws on independent data to provide comparative scores, assisting stakeholders in identifying governance risks and evaluating the effectiveness of anti-corruption reforms and institutional integrity.

This research compares Metals-as-a-Service (MaaS) and linear business models in onshore wind projects. It finds that MaaS improves risk-adjusted performance, increasing project internal rate of return to 19.94% and reducing levelised cost of energy by 15%. The analysis assesses financial viability and risk mitigation strategies for stakeholders.

The First Street Research Library provides transparent, peer-reviewed reports and climate risk data focused on flooding, fire, and heat. It helps finance professionals quantify physical risks and their economic impacts.

This research introduces a framework for decarbonising sovereign bond portfolios using 'carbon returns'—treating emissions as random variables rather than deterministic values. By applying a modified Hierarchical Risk Parity algorithm with Expected Shortfall, it effectively balances financial and environmental goals, mitigating climate-related tail risks both in-sample and out-of-sample.