This report analyses consumer credit access for British low- to middle-income households. It finds that credit is not scarce but frequently unaffordable, with 1.15 million households lent to irresponsibly. It advocates for stronger FCA affordability oversight, interest-free alternatives, and government reforms to social security and insolvency frameworks.

This research examines transitioning sustainable finance into retail-facing products for EU households. While green bond supply is robust, regulatory fragmentation and distribution barriers limit participation. It recommends standardising product architecture and sustainability summaries to integrate these instruments into mainstream saving channels and increase household investment in the climate transition.

This newspaper report outlines Africa's strategic agenda for COP31, emphasising the urgent need to close the climate finance gap. It highlights that while Africa requires up to $277 billion annually for climate goals, it currently receives a fraction of this, primarily through debt-creating loans rather than grants.

This report examines credit unions as drivers for fairer local economies in the United Kingdom. It highlights financial exclusion, showing only two per cent of the population are members. Recommendations include empowering Pride in Place Neighbourhood Boards and introducing a Fair Banking Act to increase affordable credit access and community reinvestment.

This research introduces a materiality-weighted carbon footprint to assess financial transition risk more accurately. Unlike total carbon footprints, this rules-based approach focuses on emissions subject to business and policy pressure. Analysis demonstrates that materiality-weighted metrics provide stronger signals for earnings growth, equity outperformance, and credit risk across global markets.

Climate change is an immediate macro-financial force reshaping global markets. Using a quantitative framework, this research demonstrates that a 3°C warming scenario could increase the equity risk premium by 15–25% and temporarily depress real risk-free rates. It highlights structural implications for long-duration asset valuations and global financial stability.

This IEEFA report warns that Germany's overoptimistic hydrogen demand projections risk creating a €45 billion fiscal liability. Building oversized infrastructure ahead of demand shifts costs to taxpayers via the amortisation account. It recommends prioritising liquid derivative imports and gating pipeline expansion to verified industrial demand to protect long-term competitiveness.

This report examines India's renewable energy financing landscape, detailing the transition from non-banking financial companies to commercial banks and international bond markets. It analyses falling solar tariffs, historical funding barriers, and emerging opportunities in energy storage and rooftop solar necessary to achieve India's 2070 net-zero mandate.

This survey of 60 investors highlights the evolution of India's sustainable debt market, which surpassed USD60bn in issuances by late 2025. It identifies a shift towards climate opportunities, the necessity of a national taxonomy, and recommendations for regulators to implement minimum climate allocation thresholds to mobilise domestic capital.

This report maps the exposure of bond issuers to Indonesia’s 2026 fires and subsequent regulatory actions in Indonesia and Singapore. It categorises companies by operational or commercial exposure, highlighting potential financial risks from production losses, certification disputes, and tightening credit conditions for entities linked to transboundary haze.

This report evaluates donor-backed local currency financing solutions for emerging markets using three criteria: viability, capital market development, and cost-efficiency. It assesses the IDA Private Sector Window, TCX EU Market Creation Facility, and EBRD SME programme, concluding that broader structures and explicit market development are essential for sustainability.

This study of 832 euro area banks indicates that lenders are increasingly factoring pollution-induced biodiversity risks into their decisions. Banks primarily mitigate these exposures by lowering loan-to-value ratios, particularly for companies operating near protected areas or those linked to water quality failures. This trend reflects growing regulatory and financial awareness.

This report proposes establishing 'Sovereign Power', a Commonwealth entity to build firmed renewable generation for Australia's heavy industry. By leveraging lower public borrowing costs, it could provide electricity at $66/MWh, 44 percent below market rates, securing sovereign capability and supporting the 'Future Made in Australia' framework.

This joint report by the IFC and WTO explores how global financial volatility constrains trade finance availability, particularly in emerging markets. Utilising ICC data, the study demonstrates that increased uncertainty and lower financial development hinder trade growth. It advocates for policy responses to enhance shock resilience in developing economies.

This research examines how nature-related risks affect the financial system and central bank risk management. It provides empirical evidence of biodiversity risk pricing in Eurozone corporate bonds and proposes a four-stage framework—identification, assessment, mitigation, and disclosure—to help central banks protect their balance sheets and maintain financial stability.

This research explores the "fossil fuel–debt trap" in the Global South, analysing how sovereign debt and fossil fuel dependence reinforce each other across Colombia, Egypt, Guyana, Jordan, and Sri Lanka. It identifies structural barriers to energy transitions and proposes reforms, including debt cancellation and grant-based climate finance.