Library | Asset Class
Private Equity
Ownership stakes in private companies (not listed on exchanges), often through buyouts, venture capital, or growth financing.
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Investing in Resilience: Building an insurance-centric framework for resilience investment
Carlyle and Marsh introduce an insurance-centric framework to incentivise resilience investment. It addresses structural barriers preventing the recognition of risk reduction in underwriting, offering a four-step protocol to translate documented measures into tangible financial benefits, such as lower premiums, reduced deductibles, and improved asset durability.
Navigating physical climate risk in fixed income
This joint primer examines physical climate risks in fixed income, highlighting the disclosure deficit in private credit and the analytical mismatch between climate models and debt maturities. It outlines how hazards impact credit fundamentals through insurance disruption and supply chain contagion, providing a due diligence framework for investors.
Women’s health R&I in Europe: Growing investment, persistent gaps, and the case for a coordinated response
This research examines women’s health Research and Innovation (R&I) in Europe, identifying a mismatch between disease burden and investment. While political attention is growing, funding remains concentrated in early-stage research. The report advocates for a coordinated European strategy to bridge evidence and translation gaps across the innovation pathway.
The people premium: Human capital as a driver of value creation in private markets
This research examines how private market investors leverage human capital as a strategic driver of value. Analysing firms representing nearly $4 trillion in assets, it details leadership underwriting, platform-scale talent programmes, measurement methodologies, and AI integration. It highlights the necessity of regional adaptation and systematic interventions to realise long-term returns.
Private equity’s accountability deficit: The case for mandatory disclosure
This research identifies an accountability crisis in private equity due to declining arm’s-length exits and opaque valuations. It proposes mandatory financial disclosure for significant portfolio companies to prevent resource misallocation and systemic risks, drawing parallels to the failure of the conglomerate movement in the twentieth century.
The true cost of impact-first investing: A comparative analysis of the economics and subsidy structure of impact-first investing
This research by the Miller Center and partners analyses 362 deals to illuminate the true costs of impact-first investing. It finds these funds are operationally efficient but face a structurally underfunded 'premium for inclusion'. The study argues fund-level subsidies are essential for bridging the enterprise-level Valley of Death.
Morocco: Country private sector diagnostic
This World Bank Group report identifies policy actions to unlock private investment in Morocco's decentralised solar, low-carbon textiles, argan oil, and marine aquaculture sectors. It estimates these sectors could collectively catalyse US$7.4 billion in investment and create 166,000 jobs through targeted regulatory reforms and infrastructure improvements.
Mainstreaming biodiversity into climate finance: Lessons from the DFCD Origination Facility
This report examines how the Dutch Fund for Climate and Development (DFCD) Origination Facility integrates biodiversity into climate finance. Through diverse case studies, it highlights pathways for private investment, the necessity of landscape-level perspectives, and the role of technical assistance in making nature-positive business models bankable.
Achieving effective AI governance: From theory to practice. An investor perspective on managing AI risks
This report provides a framework for investors to manage AI-related risks in portfolio companies. It outlines material risks, categorises company significance, and introduces the AI Governance Framework. The document encourages collective action through engagement, voting, and policy advocacy to promote responsible AI development across various industrial sectors.
Advancing responsible recycled plastics value chains through traceability and transparency: Learnings from the Responsible Sourcing Initiative
This report explores implementing traceability in recycled plastics value chains. Drawing on pilots in Viet Nam and Indonesia, it identifies misaligned incentives and data governance as primary barriers. It recommends integrating traceability into existing business processes and provides a decision framework to support organisations at different maturity stages.
Landscape of technical assistance to agri-SMEs: Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America and the Caribbean
This report maps the technical assistance ecosystem for agri-SMEs in sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America. It identifies structural gaps in information, pre-investment funding, and coordination. The analysis offers strategies to strengthen the ecosystem, highlighting the importance of nature integration and supporting local providers to improve investment readiness.
Venture capital backing and ESG disclosure in private firms
This research examines the association between venture capital backing and voluntary ESG disclosure in U.S. private firms. It finds that VC-backed firms develop disclosure gradually through professionalisation. Conversely, non-VC-backed firms exhibit strategic disclosure increases immediately before initial public offerings to reduce information asymmetry.
The governance of dual-class firms
This research examines the governance of dual-class firms, documenting a significant rise in their prevalence among US initial public offerings between 2000 and 2025. It identifies that these structures are increasingly concentrated in founder-led, venture-backed technology companies, while empirical evidence suggests they do not necessarily lead to CEO entrenchment.
The impact of patient capital
This research examines how investor patience influences venture capital strategies and startup outcomes. Using a 2014 Chinese reform and a survey experiment, it demonstrates that longer-horizon investors, such as insurers, lead funds to adopt longer holding periods and earlier-stage investments, significantly improving portfolio innovation and successful exit rates.
Breaking the bottleneck: How advance market commitments can bridge the supply-demand gap in recycled materials
This research evaluates advance market commitments to bridge the supply-demand imbalance for recycled materials. It identifies opportunities in mixed plastic, textile waste, and paper-based alternatives, advocating for binding financial agreements to incentivise investment in recycling capacity and support global sustainability targets.
Impact of an Enterprise Template 1.3
A structured Excel-based template from Impact Frontiers used to measure and report enterprise impact performance using the five dimensions of impact and the ABC classification system.