Library | Sustainable Finance Practices

Issue/sector focused research

General research and analysis that provides deep dives and insights into specific sustainability issues or industry sectors, addressing the current status, trends, risks, and opportunities for the issue but not specifically addressing a finance or business audience.

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The State of Cities Climate Finance: Part 2: The enabling conditions for mobilising urban climate finance

The World Bank
Produced by the World Bank and CCFLA, this report examines frameworks for mobilising urban climate finance. It introduces a conceptual framework based on country, city, and climate-specific elements. Findings highlight that cities generate 70% of global emissions and require urgent investment through improved planning, fiscal systems, and carbon pricing.
Research
21 June 2021

Synergies between Biodiversity and Climate Policy

International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD)
A resource from the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) exploring policy alignment between biodiversity and climate change frameworks. It provides insights into Nature-based Solutions and integrated environmental governance.
Resource hub
9 December 2022

Interactive: What China’s ‘five-year plans’ say about climate and energy

Carbon Brief
This interactive tracker by Carbon Brief analyses China’s 15th five-year plans, identifying key climate and energy targets. It provides a searchable database of national and sectoral policies, including specific targets for carbon intensity, renewable energy capacity, and fossil fuel consumption through 2030.
Online tool/database
24 September 2026

Mining Fiscal Regime Simulator

The Mining Fiscal Regime Simulator is an open-source modelling tool by the IGF that helps users evaluate the impact of tax and royalty policies on mining project economics and government revenue.
Online tool/database
18 September 2026

Financing battery energy storage systems in Indonesia

International Energy Agency (IEA)
This report analyses financing requirements for 9.6 GW of battery energy storage in Indonesia’s RUPTL 2025-2034. Total investment needs reach USD 5 billion. It evaluates business models and the role of concessional funding in bridging bankability gaps for standalone and hybrid projects across various island systems.
Research
21 September 2026

Modernising grids in the Age of Electricity: Scaling digital technologies and AI for better use of existing networks

International Energy Agency (IEA)
This IEA report examines modernising electricity grids using digital technologies and AI. It estimates that grid-enhancing technologies could unlock 330 GW of capacity, saving USD 100 billion in investment. Success requires reforming regulatory frameworks, improving data foundations, and addressing critical skills shortages to optimise networks for the energy transition.
Research
21 September 2026

Investment sector kaupapa Māori market scan

This baseline assessment examines kaupapa Māori within Aotearoa New Zealand’s investment sector. While 22 of 32 surveyed organisations view Māori values as critical, only five have formal frameworks. The report introduces three strategic Pou—Mātauranga, Ara Ake, and Te Haumi—to bridge the gap between intent and enduring practice.
Research
1 September 2026

The quiet withdrawal: Human capital disclosure trends, 2022–2026

This report examines human capital disclosure trends among S&P 1500 companies from 2022 to 2026. It highlights a significant decline in demographic and board diversity reporting following the removal of regulatory requirements. While operational metrics remain stable, quantitative workforce data is increasingly being omitted from formal financial filings.
Research
8 September 2026

ERA5 Global Climate Data

European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF)
ERA5 is the fifth-generation global climate reanalysis tool from the Copernicus Climate Change Service, providing hourly estimates of atmospheric, terrestrial, and oceanic variables from 1940 to the present.
Online tool/database
17 January 2019

The gender pay gap in Bangladesh: Trends, causes and policy options

International Labour Organisation (ILO)
This report analyses the gender pay gap in Bangladesh, finding women earn 22 to 25 per cent less than men. Driven by structural discrimination and unequal care burdens, the gap persists despite legal frameworks. Recommendations include objective job evaluations, cost-sharing for maternity benefits, and strengthened labour inspection.
Research
16 September 2026

Forging ahead: A 2026 assessment of investor climate action across North America

Ceres
This 2026 assessment of 50 large North American investors reveals that most are prioritising climate risk management and clean economy opportunities despite shifting regulations. Findings show 74% assess portfolio risks and allocate capital to climate solutions, though only 22% have disclosed explicit, measurable targets for increasing these investments.
Research
15 September 2026

Stop in the name of law: How litigation is challenging offsetting claims

Carbon Market Watch
This report analyses the rising legal and regulatory scrutiny of corporate carbon offsetting claims. It examines landmark cases in Europe, Australia, and the US, highlighting a global shift towards banning misleading 'net-zero' labels. The findings underscore the necessity for companies to prioritise genuine in-house emissions reductions over carbon credits.
Research
27 August 2026

Spillover: Shell and TotalEnergies' expansive roles in the voluntary carbon market

Carbon Market Watch
This report analyses the extensive involvement of Shell and TotalEnergies in the voluntary carbon market. It highlights how fossil fuel majors use carbon credits to obscure a lack of absolute emissions reductions, while exercising structural influence over credit supply, project development, and market governance.
Research
1 September 2026

Green Industry Platform

Green Growth Knowledge Partnership
The Green Industry Platform provides SMEs with technical knowledge and self-assessment tools, such as the I-GO Assistant, to enhance resource efficiency and implement net-zero measures. Managed by the GGKP, it offers sector-specific guidance, research, and circular economy insights for a sustainable industrial transition.
Resource hub

The petrochemical blind spot: Plastics, fertilisers and bank profits

Facing Finance
This research report explores the petrochemical industry’s environmental and human rights impacts, documenting how European banks provide billions in financing to major chemical firms. It highlights the sector’s role in driving fossil fuel demand and recommends that financial institutions implement robust plastics policies and cease financing industry expansions.
Research
1 August 2026

End-use Prices Data Explorer

International Energy Agency (IEA)
The End-use Prices Data Explorer, provided by the International Energy Agency, tracks global energy prices across sectors like industry and transport. It helps finance professionals assess the impact of energy costs, taxes, and subsidies on market competitiveness and investment risks.
Online tool/database
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