International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) is an independent international research institute advancing systems analysis to inform evidence-based policy on global challenges such as climate change, energy security, population dynamics, and sustainable development. Based in Austria, it collaborates globally with member organisations to deliver interdisciplinary, policy-oriented insights.

Climate Impact Lab uses historical climate and socioeconomic data with evidence-based, data-driven analysis to quantify climate change impacts and economic costs at local and sector levels, informing policymakers, investors and business decisions, including an empirically-derived estimate of the social cost of carbon.

ImpactLab is a research organisation quantifying real-world climate change impacts using evidence-based, data-driven climate science and socioeconomic analysis. It provides hyperlocal climate risk data, estimates social cost of carbon, and informs policymakers, investors and businesses to support climate risk assessment, adaptation planning and sustainable decision-making.

Carbon Tracker’s Reports page hosts research analysing how supply, demand and climate policy affect fossil-fuel exposed companies and markets. It provides scenario analysis, methodological frameworks and sector-specific insights for investors and policymakers on climate-related financial risk and the energy transition.

Aqueduct Floods is an interactive tool by WRI that maps current and projected riverine and coastal flood risk globally. It enables users to assess exposure, urban damage, and economic impacts under different climate scenarios, supporting risk analysis, resilience planning, and investment decision-making at country and sub-national levels.

This commentary assesses risks of a self-reinforcing “hothouse Earth” trajectory driven by accelerating warming, feedback loops and tipping points. It reviews evidence on climate sensitivity, overshoot scenarios and cascading tipping elements, warning that current emissions pathways heighten irreversible risks and require urgent mitigation and precautionary governance.

This paper estimates that global temperature increases have far larger macroeconomic damages than local measures suggest. Using time-series evidence and a neoclassical growth model, it finds a 1°C rise reduces world GDP by over 20% long term, implying substantial welfare losses and a high social cost of carbon.

The IPBES Business and Biodiversity assessment evaluates how businesses depend on and impact biodiversity and nature’s contributions to people, reviews measurement approaches, and outlines options for action to manage risks and align business practices with biodiversity outcomes, supporting Target 15 of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.

This study tests open-ended survey methods for eliciting individual climate policy narratives using the Narrative Policy Framework. In a small, liberal US sample (n=88), problem-focused questions generated more complete narratives. Narrative elements varied by ideology, education and media use, supporting the ‘homo narrans’ assumption.

This McKinsey Global Institute report assesses current and projected costs of adapting to heat, drought, flooding and wildfires under a 2°C warming scenario. It estimates $190 billion is spent annually today, rising to $1.2 trillion by 2050 for developed-economy protection standards, with benefits outweighing costs.

Future Energy Scenarios 2025 provides independent pathways for Great Britain’s energy system to reach net zero by 2050. It models demand, supply, flexibility and emissions across electricity, gas and hydrogen, assessing costs, infrastructure needs, carbon budgets and policy choices under varying levels of electrification, hydrogen deployment and consumer engagement.

This report analyses global coal supply, demand, trade and prices to 2030. It assesses regional consumption trends across power and industry, production outlooks for major exporters, policy and decarbonisation impacts, and market risks. Forecasts highlight shifting Asian demand, plateauing global use, and implications for investment and energy security.

This guide explains key terms related to fundamental principles and rights at work, including freedom of association, collective bargaining, forced and child labour, discrimination and living wages. It outlines links to trade, supply chains, due diligence and international labour standards, supporting consistent interpretation in policy and corporate practice.

This benchmark series examines the gap between governments’ planned fossil fuel production and pathways consistent with international climate goals. It assesses alignment with temperature limits by reviewing national production plans and policy signals, providing a consistent framework to track progress and comparability across editions.

This report analyses ecosystem tipping points as systemic risks to economies and financial systems, highlighting non-linear, irreversible ecosystem collapse. It finds current models underestimate impacts and urges precautionary, ecosystem-focused policy and financial regulation to protect price and financial stability.

The report analyses bank and investor financing of LNG expansion, finding US$213 billion in bank support and US$252 billion in investor exposure since 2021. It concludes this financing drives overcapacity, climate risk and misalignment with 1.5 °C pathways.