This report analyses the gender pay gap in Bangladesh, finding women earn 22 to 25 per cent less than men. Driven by structural discrimination and unequal care burdens, the gap persists despite legal frameworks. Recommendations include objective job evaluations, cost-sharing for maternity benefits, and strengthened labour inspection.

This World Bank report examines the economic rationale for investing in nature using a global Earth-economy model. It demonstrates that ecosystem service collapse could reduce global GDP by $2.7 trillion by 2030, while "nature-smart" policy reforms can deliver significant economic gains and support global conservation targets.

This research explores human rights and conflict risks in mineral supply chains, focusing on artisanal and small-scale mining. It outlines demand surges for critical minerals, the limitations of current regulatory frameworks, and provides guidance for investors to implement heightened due diligence and promote responsible sourcing practices across global portfolios.

This research identifies an accountability crisis in private equity due to declining arm’s-length exits and opaque valuations. It proposes mandatory financial disclosure for significant portfolio companies to prevent resource misallocation and systemic risks, drawing parallels to the failure of the conglomerate movement in the twentieth century.

This report examines Rio Tinto’s failure to secure a social licence to operate for the Jadar lithium mine in Serbia. It highlights how social risks associated with the energy transition can lead to project abandonment, financial losses, and reputational damage, ultimately impacting bondholders as lithium production becomes more material.

This report analyses 326 allegations of human rights and environmental abuses linked to Chinese overseas transition mineral investments between 2023 and 2025. It identifies Indonesia as the primary hotspot and highlights critical risks in extraction and processing, while offering recommendations for governments and companies to ensure a just transition.

This research by the Miller Center and partners analyses 362 deals to illuminate the true costs of impact-first investing. It finds these funds are operationally efficient but face a structurally underfunded 'premium for inclusion'. The study argues fund-level subsidies are essential for bridging the enterprise-level Valley of Death.

This report synthesises evidence from 300 studies to establish the macroeconomic case for climate adaptation. It projects global GDP per capita losses of 8% by 2050, rising to 12% in lower-income countries. Proactive adaptation offers median benefit-cost ratios of 4:1, bolstering fiscal stability and accelerating sustainable development.

This policy brief examines the shift in EU sustainability discourse from the European Green Deal to the Clean Industrial Deal. It argues for re-anchoring wellbeing in the agenda through the sustainable and inclusive wellbeing framework, suggesting eco-social conditionalities and alternative economic modelling to move beyond GDP-focused competitiveness.

This guidance establishes a tool-agnostic framework for the credible verification of living wage gaps. It details good practices for assessing remuneration data, in-kind benefits via the ARI 2025 approach, and living wage estimates. Key requirements include methodological rigour, triangulation, and independent oversight to ensure accurate, comparable outcomes.

This World Bank Group report identifies policy actions to unlock private investment in Morocco's decentralised solar, low-carbon textiles, argan oil, and marine aquaculture sectors. It estimates these sectors could collectively catalyse US$7.4 billion in investment and create 166,000 jobs through targeted regulatory reforms and infrastructure improvements.

This research brief explores lifelong learning and future skill requirements in Latin America and the Caribbean. It addresses structural challenges like high informality and rapid population ageing. Utilising big-data analytics and institutional surveys, the report provides recommendations for building inclusive, flexible learning systems aligned with technological and green transitions.

This benchmark series examines economic growth and development across the East Asia and Pacific region. It explores the impact of artificial intelligence on industrial sectors and supply chains, alongside the challenges posed by energy costs and environmental factors for small states and emerging market economies.

This report examines the critical role of Multilateral Development Banks in driving growth and resilience. It highlights challenges from declining official aid and geopolitical fragmentation, while proposing reforms to scale financing, accelerate project delivery, and target concessional resources toward the world’s poorest and most vulnerable nations.

This MSCI research explores the economic impact of rising temperatures on labour productivity. It estimates global annual losses of USD 3.9 trillion under current conditions, potentially reaching 3.3% of global GDP. Asia-Pacific and the real estate sector face the highest risks, while company adaptation remains inconsistent across global markets.

This report analyses how Asia-Pacific employer organisations address trade-related labour requirements and responsible business conduct. While 96 per cent of surveyed EBMOs view these issues as relevant, rising business pressure and capacity constraints — particularly in funding and technical expertise — limit their ability to provide comprehensive member services.