Library | ESG issues

Carbon Intensive Industries

Carbon-intensive industries, such as fossil fuels, agriculture, and transport, are major contributors to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and climate change. Investing in these industries can pose risks due to regulatory changes, reputational concerns, and shifting consumer preferences. Opportunities exist in technologies and practices that reduce carbon emissions.

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Is the gas industry facing its Volkswagen moment? Gas is more emissions intensive than the gas industry’s marketing arm suggests

Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis (IEEFA)
Conventional or natural gas is an important short-term fuel for building a reliable renewable energy system in Australia. However, the need for more gas is overestimated by the gas industry. Stakeholders have been misled about the carbon footprint of gas production, transportation and its impact on climate change.
Research
31 March 2020

Climate transparency report 2021: Comparing G20 climate action towards net zero

Climate Transparency
The Climate transparency report 2021 summarises the climate actions of G20 countries using the latest emissions data. It covers 100 indicators on decarbonisation, climate policies, finance, and vulnerability to the impacts of climate change. Providing country ratings, it identifies leaders and laggards in transition to a net zero-emission economy.
Research
14 October 2021

Mind the gap: the $1.6 trillion energy transition risk

Carbon Tracker Initiative
This report delves into the challenges and degrees of risk facing the oil, gas and thermal coal industry under three different climate scenarios. It was conducted as part of the ET Risk Project funded by the EU Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.
Research
8 March 2018

The carbon boomerang: Litigation risk as a driver and consequence of the energy transition

Sustainable Finance Observatory
This report discusses and identifies climate change related litigation risks as drivers and consequences of an energy transition. It presents a taxonomy of those risks and analyses them in the broader context of the financial risk associated with them.
Research
30 September 2017

The growth of Australia's LNG industry and the decline in greenhouse gas emission standards: Increased emissions have offset any gains from renewables' rise in electricity generation

Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis (IEEFA)
Discusses the growth of Australia’s liquefied natural gas (LNG) industry from 2014-2019. Finding significant growth in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during this period. The report provides a brief history and context of Australia’s LNG boom, explains technical aspects of the industry and outlines four factors accounting for GHG growth.
Research
30 April 2020

Net zero investment framework: Implementation guide

Ceres
This report provides a practical framework for investors seeking to implement net zero commitments. It builds on the draft Net Zero Investment Framework published in 2020 by the Institutional Investors Group on Climate Change, broadening to a global perspective.
Research
10 March 2021

Global investor study: The rise of the sustainable investor

Schroders
The report highlights key findings from Schroder’s Global Investor Study. It provides an insight into global investor attitudes towards sustainable investing and the obstacles preventing widespread adoption of sustainable investing. The report emphasises the notion that sustainable investing is gaining momentum around the world.
Research
31 October 2020

Internal carbon pricing for low-carbon finance: A briefing paper on linking climate-related opportunities and risks to financing decisions for investors and banks

CDP
This paper makes the business case for financial firms to use an internal carbon price in investment and lending practices. Drawing on stakeholder insights, this paper provides guidance on how to best implement an internal carbon price to decarbonise portfolios and increase resilience in a low-carbon transition.
Research
31 July 2019

Time out: Why China's power companies should re-evaluate their coal capex plans

Asia Research & Engagement (ARE)
This report examines the trend of Chinese power companies’ increasing capital expenditure into coal power in China, and presents evidence of how it can be a financial risk for investors. It also provides recommendations for investors to engage with company management and apply greater scrutiny to company investments in coal fired power.
Research
15 November 2016

Sustainability: The bond that endures - Tools and insights for ESG investing in fixed income

BlackRock
BlackRock considers four key areas for environmental, social and governance (ESG) in fixed income: sustainable building blocks such as ESG indexes, a lens for considering the sustainability of government bond issuers, the financial relevance/materiality of ESG characteristics across different industries, and how to build sustainable portfolios using fixed income.
Research
19 November 2019

Getting to green: Showcasing leading approaches to climate change within the European banking sector

ShareAction
Banks are affected by climate change and have the ability to make an impact through their support and finance of certain industries. Banks must start setting precedent for ambitious climate disclosure. This paper provides recommendations on how banks can align their business models with the goals of the Paris Agreement.
Research
30 September 2018

2 degrees of separation: Transition risk for oil and gas in a low carbon world

Carbon Tracker Initiative
This methodology was developed for the supply side data and demand scenario used in the asset level analysis of oil and gas production in a carbon constrained world. It shows the marginal costs for oil and gas produced by intersecting 2°C demand with supply curves are higher than the currently prevailing prices for those fuels.
Research
21 June 2017

Carbon Tracker Initiative

Finance / Corporate Focused NGOs & Think Tanks
Carbon Tracker Initiative is an independent financial think tank that carries out in-depth analysis on the impact of the energy transition on capital markets and the potential investment in high-cost, carbon-intensive fossil fuels.
Organisation
2 research items

Norden is leading the world on fossil fuel divestment

Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis (IEEFA)
This briefing examines the world-leading divestment strategies of Nordic countries from the fossil fuel industry. It looks at the current policies of pension funds, insurers, banks, development finance institutions, credit agencies and central banks.
Research
25 February 2020

Banking beyond coal: Sustainable development without coal finance

ShareAction
This investor briefing investigates the financing of the coal power industry. Highlighting that bank financing continues to facilitate active development of coal power infrastructure, particularly in developing nations, which is incompatible with the Paris Agreement. Additionally, it provides a call to action for investors to engage with their banks to strengthen coal divestment policies.
Research
30 June 2018

Over 100 global financial institutions are exiting coal, with more to come

Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis (IEEFA)
This report published by IEEFA highlights the fact that over a hundred globally significant financial institutions are divesting from coal projects. It mentions that these major financial institutions, including commercial banks, insurance companies, pension funds, asset management companies, and development finance institutions, are building up the momentum against coal projects.
Research
27 February 2019
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