Library | ESG issues

Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions, including carbon dioxide and methane, trap heat in the atmosphere and drive climate change. Reducing emissions is vital to mitigating global warming risks and aligning with climate targets like the Paris Agreement, influencing long-term corporate and investment strategies.

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Sustainable finance in Asia: A comparative study of national taxonomies

Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis (IEEFA)
This report compares national sustainable finance taxonomies in Asia, highlighting the variability in standards and approaches. It underscores the need for greater alignment with international frameworks to reduce inconsistencies, enhance clarity, and promote sustainable investments. Differences in fossil fuel treatment and transition finance provisions pose challenges to harmonisation and investor confidence.
Research
1 October 2024

Bioscience's annual state of the climate reports

This series offers an annual overview of climate trends, examining key indicators and events that impact the global environment. It provides insights into planetary vital signs, climate impacts, and extreme weather, making it an essential resource for finance professionals seeking to understand the implications of climate change on economic systems.
Benchmark/series

Nature Finance

Finance / Corporate Focused NGOs & Think Tanks
NatureFinance focuses on advancing sustainable finance to address global environmental challenges, particularly biodiversity loss and climate change. It promotes innovative financial tools, policies, and partnerships that align financial systems with nature-positive outcomes.
Organisation
1 research item

Deep blue: Opportunities for blue carbon finance in coastal ecosystems

International Finance Corporation
This report explores the growing opportunities for blue carbon finance in coastal ecosystems, focusing on mangroves, saltmarshes, and seagrass meadows. It highlights the significant potential of these ecosystems to mitigate climate change, generate carbon credits, and provide essential co-benefits, including biodiversity conservation and economic resilience for coastal communities. Despite increasing interest, challenges in securing funding and scaling projects remain key barriers to unlocking their full potential.
Research
13 May 2023

Divestment and engagement: The effect of green investors on corporate carbon emissions

This report investigates whether green investors influence corporate carbon emissions by either divesting from polluters or engaging with management through stock ownership. The findings suggest green investors significantly reduce emissions through active engagement, whereas divestment strategies may counterproductively increase emissions. The report highlights private markets’ potential to address environmental issues independently of government regulation.
Research
27 January 2024

Cooler finance: Mobilizing investment for the developing world’s sustainable cooling needs

United Nations Environment Programme
The report highlights the critical need for sustainable cooling in developing countries to meet climate goals, reduce emissions, and support health, food security, and productivity. It estimates a market demand of $600 billion annually by 2050 and provides strategies to attract private investment through policy, financing models, and international collaboration.

Research
25 September 2024

A tool for developing credible transition plans: Public edition for asset owner pilot-testing

United Nations Environment Programme
This report provides asset owners with guidance for preparing and evaluating transition plans. It highlights key elements for credibility, outlines relevant frameworks, and offers recommendations for both preparers and users of transition plans, enhancing transparency and accountability in achieving net-zero goals.
Research
23 December 2023

Climate-related litigation: recent trends and developments

Central Banks and Supervisors Network for Greening the Financial System
The report highlights the growing volume and diversity of climate-related litigation. It outlines legal trends targeting financial and non-financial institutions and governments, with significant implications for financial risks and reputational damage. The report emphasises the potential increase in litigation tied to climate disclosure laws, greenwashing, and corporate responsibilities.

Research
1 September 2023

The effect of pricing instruments on CO2 emissions: Empirical evidence from Australia

The World Bank
The report evaluates Australia's short-lived carbon tax and renewable energy policies. It finds a 7% per capita emissions reduction from 2009 to 2018, with effects weakening after policy repeal. Coal exports increased during this period, potentially offsetting domestic emission reductions.
Research
24 June 2024

Insurance-associated emissions: Top tips for finance teams of insurers and reinsurers

Accounting for Sustainability (A4S)
This report provides finance teams in the insurance industry with practical guidance on calculating insurance-associated emissions. It outlines the PCAF Standard, emphasises the importance of establishing an emissions baseline, and offers actionable steps for leveraging data, improving processes, and supporting decarbonisation.
Research
9 April 2024

A director’s guide to mandatory climate reporting

MinterEllison
This guide covers Australia’s mandatory climate reporting, requiring large entities to disclose climate risks and opportunities from January 2025. It provides directors with practical steps for compliance, focusing on governance, strategy, and risk management, and encourages proactive engagement to build long-term organisational resilience.
Research
26 September 2024

Climate Policy Initiative

Finance / Corporate Focused NGOs & Think Tanks
Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) is a global organisation that focuses on driving policy and financial innovations to address climate change. They provide rigorous analysis and insights on climate finance, supporting effective investment strategies and policy frameworks. CPI aims to foster collaboration among stakeholders to promote sustainable development and climate resilience.
Organisation
1 research item

Global Alliance for Banking on Values (GABV)

Finance Industry Groups
Global Alliance for Banking on Values (GABV) is a network of independent banks using finance to deliver sustainable economic, social and environmental development.
Organisation

Aligning corporate value chains to global climate goals

Science Based Targets Initiative (SBTi)
This discussion paper explores the importance of scope 3 emissions in corporate climate targets. It discusses challenges in current scope 3 target-setting practices, potential solutions, and strategies for decarbonising value chains. The report aims to enhance corporate climate action, aligning businesses with global climate goals while promoting stakeholder engagement for future standards.
Research
30 July 2024

Science Based Targets Initiative (SBTi)

Finance / Corporate Focused NGOs & Think Tanks
Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) helps organisations set and achieve science-based emissions reduction targets to meet global climate goals. SBTi provides guidance, resources, and validation to ensure targets align with the Paris Agreement. It is a key platform for businesses seeking credible, measurable progress towards net-zero emissions and sustainability.
Organisation
1 research item
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