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Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions, including carbon dioxide and methane, trap heat in the atmosphere and drive climate change. Reducing emissions is vital to mitigating global warming risks and aligning with climate targets like the Paris Agreement, influencing long-term corporate and investment strategies.

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The new disclosure landscape - Comparing sustainability standards and regulations: ESRS, IFRS S1/S2, SEC Climate Rule, and CA SB 253/261

ERM SustainAbility Institute
This report compares major sustainability disclosure regulations, including the ESRS, IFRS S1/S2, SEC Climate Rule, and California’s SB 253/261. It provides an overview of their scope, implementation timelines, reporting requirements, and penalties, helping companies understand the complex landscape and align disclosures across multiple frameworks to reduce compliance burdens and enhance transparency.
Research
16 September 2024

Investment framework for nutrition 2024

The World Bank
This is a comprehensive guide to addressing malnutrition. It emphasises cost-effective interventions, multisectoral approaches, and policy measures that integrate gender and climate change considerations. Expanding on the 2017 framework, it includes new evidence on interventions and financing strategies to improve nutrition outcomes globally, while aligning with Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 2.2.
Research
2 October 2024

Sustainable behavior in climate pledges: An analysis of top emitters’ strategies

World Resources Institute
This report analyses how the top 20 highest-emitting countries address pro-climate behaviour through their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). It highlights that while progress has been made in promoting electric vehicles, public transport, and household energy efficiency, crucial areas like sustainable diets and air travel are often overlooked, limiting the potential for impactful change.
Research
2 October 2024

Sustainable finance in Asia: A comparative study of national taxonomies

Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis (IEEFA)
This report compares national sustainable finance taxonomies in Asia, highlighting the variability in standards and approaches. It underscores the need for greater alignment with international frameworks to reduce inconsistencies, enhance clarity, and promote sustainable investments. Differences in fossil fuel treatment and transition finance provisions pose challenges to harmonisation and investor confidence.
Research
1 October 2024

Bioscience's annual state of the climate reports

This series offers an annual overview of climate trends, examining key indicators and events that impact the global environment. It provides insights into planetary vital signs, climate impacts, and extreme weather, making it an essential resource for finance professionals seeking to understand the implications of climate change on economic systems.
Benchmark/series

Nature Finance

Finance / Corporate Focused NGOs & Think Tanks
NatureFinance focuses on advancing sustainable finance to address global environmental challenges, particularly biodiversity loss and climate change. It promotes innovative financial tools, policies, and partnerships that align financial systems with nature-positive outcomes.
Organisation
1 research item

Deep blue: Opportunities for blue carbon finance in coastal ecosystems

International Finance Corporation
This report explores the growing opportunities for blue carbon finance in coastal ecosystems, focusing on mangroves, saltmarshes, and seagrass meadows. It highlights the significant potential of these ecosystems to mitigate climate change, generate carbon credits, and provide essential co-benefits, including biodiversity conservation and economic resilience for coastal communities. Despite increasing interest, challenges in securing funding and scaling projects remain key barriers to unlocking their full potential.
Research
13 May 2023

Divestment and engagement: The effect of green investors on corporate carbon emissions

This report investigates whether green investors influence corporate carbon emissions by either divesting from polluters or engaging with management through stock ownership. The findings suggest green investors significantly reduce emissions through active engagement, whereas divestment strategies may counterproductively increase emissions. The report highlights private markets’ potential to address environmental issues independently of government regulation.
Research
27 January 2024

Cooler finance: Mobilizing investment for the developing world’s sustainable cooling needs

United Nations Environment Programme
The report highlights the critical need for sustainable cooling in developing countries to meet climate goals, reduce emissions, and support health, food security, and productivity. It estimates a market demand of $600 billion annually by 2050 and provides strategies to attract private investment through policy, financing models, and international collaboration.

Research
25 September 2024

A tool for developing credible transition plans: Public edition for asset owner pilot-testing

United Nations Environment Programme
This report provides asset owners with guidance for preparing and evaluating transition plans. It highlights key elements for credibility, outlines relevant frameworks, and offers recommendations for both preparers and users of transition plans, enhancing transparency and accountability in achieving net-zero goals.
Research
23 December 2023

Climate-related litigation: recent trends and developments

Central Banks and Supervisors Network for Greening the Financial System
The report highlights the growing volume and diversity of climate-related litigation. It outlines legal trends targeting financial and non-financial institutions and governments, with significant implications for financial risks and reputational damage. The report emphasises the potential increase in litigation tied to climate disclosure laws, greenwashing, and corporate responsibilities.

Research
1 September 2023

The effect of pricing instruments on CO2 emissions: Empirical evidence from Australia

The World Bank
The report evaluates Australia's short-lived carbon tax and renewable energy policies. It finds a 7% per capita emissions reduction from 2009 to 2018, with effects weakening after policy repeal. Coal exports increased during this period, potentially offsetting domestic emission reductions.
Research
24 June 2024

Insurance-associated emissions: Top tips for finance teams of insurers and reinsurers

Accounting for Sustainability (A4S)
This report provides finance teams in the insurance industry with practical guidance on calculating insurance-associated emissions. It outlines the PCAF Standard, emphasises the importance of establishing an emissions baseline, and offers actionable steps for leveraging data, improving processes, and supporting decarbonisation.
Research
9 April 2024

A director’s guide to mandatory climate reporting

MinterEllison
This guide covers Australia’s mandatory climate reporting, requiring large entities to disclose climate risks and opportunities from January 2025. It provides directors with practical steps for compliance, focusing on governance, strategy, and risk management, and encourages proactive engagement to build long-term organisational resilience.
Research
26 September 2024

Climate Policy Initiative

Finance / Corporate Focused NGOs & Think Tanks
Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) is a global organisation that focuses on driving policy and financial innovations to address climate change. They provide rigorous analysis and insights on climate finance, supporting effective investment strategies and policy frameworks. CPI aims to foster collaboration among stakeholders to promote sustainable development and climate resilience.
Organisation
2 research items
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