ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes (CLEX) is an Australian climate science research centre focused on understanding and predicting climate extremes. It produces research, reports and briefing notes on extreme weather, drought and climate risk, supporting policymakers and industry to assess impacts of climate change and improve resilience and forecasting capabilities.

This report explains nature-based solutions as ecosystem protection, restoration and management measures that can support climate mitigation, adaptation and biodiversity. It stresses their carbon-storage limits, vulnerability to disturbance, and the risk of overreliance in net-zero claims without deep emissions cuts.

Examines multinational companies’ revenues and taxes in Russia (2021–2023), showing continued corporate activity generated significant tax contributions supporting the Russian state. Highlights sectoral drivers, limited exits, and rising fiscal pressures, concluding that ongoing operations pose financial, legal, and human rights risks.

The report argues that a circular economy can help China meet climate goals by cutting emissions in hard-to-abate sectors, securing critical materials for renewable energy, and improving climate resilience, while outlining policy actions on design, resource management, investment, measurement, and cross-sector collaboration.

This report assesses critical minerals innovation in developing countries, focusing on midstream processing and downstream manufacturing, recycling and end-of-life treatment. It reviews 30 countries, highlights policy and financing gaps, and recommends stronger infrastructure, coordination, technology transfer and support for innovation ecosystems.

This report assesses how financial regulation in Indonesia, Brazil, China, the EU and the US aligns with Global Biodiversity Framework targets, finding biodiversity integration generally weak and recommending stronger disclosure, due diligence, taxonomies, sanctions and sector-specific rules to redirect finance away from forest-risk activities.

The report argues the hydrological cycle should be governed as a global common good, with water valued more accurately and managed for efficiency, equity and environmental sustainability, supported by five missions spanning food systems, ecosystems, circular water use, lower water-intensity industry, and universal safe water access. The report is produced by the Global Commission on the Economics of Water, supported by the OECD.

This report assesses how transforming global food systems can improve health, sustainability, and equity. It updates evidence on the planetary health diet, quantifies food systems’ pressures on planetary boundaries, and analyses justice in food access and production, recommending coordinated policy, dietary shifts, and sustainable agricultural practices to support healthy diets within environmental limits.

World Economic Forum report examining how employer investment in employee health and well-being improves productivity, retention and economic value. It analyses global workforce health data, identifies demographic disparities in burn-out and holistic health, and proposes measurement frameworks and organisational strategies to build healthier, more productive workplaces.

This working paper examines how corporate governance structures influence firms’ production decisions and associated negative externalities. Using a principal–agent model and empirical analysis, the authors show that costly managerial monitoring encourages performance-based pay, which can incentivise practices that increase socially costly production and broader social costs.

The report proposes a methodology to identify “positive tipping points” that can accelerate low-carbon transitions. It outlines a framework to assess their likelihood, drivers and proximity, and identifies actions that could trigger self-reinforcing decarbonisation processes to help achieve Paris Agreement climate goals.

This guide outlines how climate science evidence is used in climate litigation. It explains evidentiary standards, types of scientific evidence and litigation strategies, and provides guidance for courts and litigants on presenting and assessing climate science to support legal claims related to climate change impacts and responsibility.

UNEP's annual assessment of the gap between countries' climate pledges and emission reductions needed to meet the Paris Agreement's temperature goals, with 2025 focus on new NDCs and 2035 targets.

The article argues that today’s rapid global crises (political, ecological, and social) are the visible outcomes of long-building systemic pressures. Using complexity science and systemic risk analysis, it highlights how understanding these deep drivers can help societies both anticipate crises and accelerate positive, transformative change.

The report maps the emerging nature-tech ecosystem, grouping participants into frontliners, builders and enablers, and highlights version 4 updates: 62 new organisations and three new categories—paradigm shifters, regulatory and compliance, and payment for ecosystem services.

This working paper analyses how nature and biodiversity degradation affect sovereign borrowing costs. Using panel econometric models across 53 countries (2000–2020), it finds biodiversity loss raises bond yield spreads, with effects up to three times larger for higher-risk, often lower-income countries, indicating asymmetric sovereign risk from nature-related financial vulnerability.