Library | ESG issues

Technology & Online Harm

Technology & online harm refers to the risks and challenges linked to existing and emerging digital technologies such as AI, blockchain, and cryptocurrencies. While these innovations can enhance efficiency and productivity, they also introduce risks like fraud, misinformation, regulatory uncertainty, and ethical dilemmas, requiring careful oversight and responsible adoption.

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AI ethics and the ILO’s international labour standards system: exploring synergies

International Labour Organisation (ILO)
This report examines synergies between AI ethics principles and the International Labour Organisation's normative framework. It identifies convergences in social justice and beneficence, alongside divergences regarding collective autonomy and privacy. The paper argues that international labour standards provide a legitimate reference point for governing AI-mediated transformations in workplaces.
Research
19 October 2026

AI adoption and preparedness among employer and business membership organisations: Global findings

International Labour Organisation (ILO)
This ILO report examines AI adoption within employer organisations. While experimentation is widespread, institutional integration remains low. Despite significant efficiency gains, gaps in data readiness and governance persist. The findings suggest a shift from internal efficiency towards using AI to create greater membership value and responsive services.
Research
1 September 2026

Meaningful engagement: Lessons from Canada and other democracies

Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI)
This report evaluates Canada's public consultation processes for artificial intelligence governance, comparing them with Australia, Colombia, and the United States. It identifies systemic challenges in achieving meaningful citizen engagement and recommends strategies to enhance transparency, inclusivity, and public trust through improved outreach and permanent feedback mechanisms.
Research
13 April 2026

Can the emergence of AgFinTech revolutionize agrifinance? Lessons from five case studies in Africa, Asia, and Latin America

Consultative Group to Assist the Poor (CGAP)
This report examines how digital innovations address barriers to inclusive agricultural credit in developing countries. Through five case studies, it highlights the role of agri-data stacks and AI-powered analytics in reducing information asymmetries, improving risk management, and lowering service delivery costs for smallholder farmers and agri-MSMEs.
Research
2 October 2026

PISA 2025 results (Volume I): Future-ready students

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
The PISA 2025 results highlight a significant decline in global student performance, particularly in reading and mathematics. This volume examines the proficiency of 15-year-olds across 91 systems, exploring how digitalisation, socio-economic factors, and attitudes towards learning and the environment shape student readiness for an AI-integrated future.
Research
9 October 2026

EU law and regulation for the digital world

Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS)
This report by the Centre for European Policy Studies examines the growing complexity of EU digital legislation. It provides 20 recommendations to reform the 'digital acquis', focusing on the Digital Markets Act, Digital Services Act, and AI Act, while advocating for improved impact assessments and simplified regulatory processes to enhance competitiveness.
Research
3 September 2026

Middle-income economies: Navigating digital dependencies in AI

Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI)
This report examines artificial intelligence dependency risks within ten middle-income economies. It identifies critical structural reliance on United States software and Chinese hardware. Recommending a strategy of ‘managed interdependence’, the report advocates for diversifying international partnerships and strengthening domestic regulatory institutions to ensure long-term economic resilience and policy autonomy.
Research
29 September 2026

Governing digital assets and crypto-enabled financial crime

Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI)
This report examines the growth of crypto-enabled financial crime and the resulting governance gap. It proposes a four-layer multilateral framework to harmonise international standards between bodies like the FATF and INTERPOL. The strategy aims to protect financial integrity through technical integration and cross-border cooperation without suppressing permissionless innovation.
Research
1 September 2026

Soldiers of misfortune: Mercenaries and digital propaganda in Africa

Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI)
This report investigates the intersection of mercenary groups and digital propaganda in Africa. It details how organisations like the Wagner Group utilise AI-driven disinformation and "regime survival packages" to sustain authoritarian rule. The paper recommends stricter platform accountability and enhanced digital literacy to protect democratic institutions across the continent.
Research
29 June 2026

Designed for harm: Affordances, AI and gendered harm in gaming

Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI)
This working paper examines how platform design and AI in gaming facilitate gendered harm. Despite representing half of the gaming population, women face persistent toxicity. The report evaluates current content-focused governance and advocates for structural accountability frameworks, citing EU and UK regulatory models as effective examples.
Research
20 August 2026

Achieving effective AI governance: From theory to practice. An investor perspective on managing AI risks

Railpen
This report provides a framework for investors to manage AI-related risks in portfolio companies. It outlines material risks, categorises company significance, and introduces the AI Governance Framework. The document encourages collective action through engagement, voting, and policy advocacy to promote responsible AI development across various industrial sectors.
Research
1 February 2025

Governing decentralized social media in a centralized policy world

Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI)
This report examines the challenges of regulating decentralised social media like Mastodon and Bluesky within centralised policy frameworks. It highlights how community-governed moderation offers alternatives to corporate control and recommends that Canada adopts proportionate, tiered regulations to support digital sovereignty and public-interest infrastructure.
Research
15 April 2026

MIT AI Risk Repository

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
The MIT AI Risk Repository is a comprehensive database of over 1,600 AI risks and real-world incidents. It provides frameworks and data to help finance professionals and organisations identify, prioritise, and manage technical, social, and regulatory risks associated with artificial intelligence.
Online tool/database
23 April 2025

Fossil Free Web 2026

A report and data resource by the Green Web Foundation tracking the internet's transition to green energy. It highlights the environmental impact of AI and hyperscale data centres.
Online tool/database
1 April 2026

Deconstructing AI hype: A playbook for resistance

Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence
This research provides a materialist deconstruction of AI hype, arguing it facilitates power concentration rather than just misrepresenting technology. It details how "hypers" manufacture urgency and capture credibility. The paper offers a playbook for resistance through contestation, undermining legitimacy and building collective agency to challenge AI entrenchment.
Research
11 October 2026

Artificial intelligence and climate change: balancing innovation and sustainability

Bank for International Settlements
This report examines the interaction between artificial intelligence and climate change, highlighting potential for mitigation and adaptation alongside significant environmental costs. It explores two technological trajectories—AI copilot and artificial general intelligence—while discussing implications for central banks regarding productivity, inflation, financial stability, and emerging global policy frameworks.
Research
5 October 2026
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